Testing Your Perl Installation

Testing Your Perl Installation In order to test our fresh installation of Perl, well need a simple Perl program. The first thing most new programmers learn is how to make the script say Hello World. Lets look at a simple Perl script that does just that. #!/usr/bin/perl print Hello World.\n; The first line is there to tell the computer where the Perl interpreter is located. Perl is an interpreted language, which means that rather than compiling our programs, we use the Perl interpreter to run them. This first line is usually #!/usr/bin/perl or #!/usr/local/bin/perl, but depends on how Perl was installed on your system. The second line tells the Perl interpreter to print the words Hello World. followed by a newline (a carriage return). If our Perl installation is working correctly, then when we run the program, we should see the following output: Hello World. Testing your Perl installation is different depending on the type of system you are using, but well take a look at the two most common situations: Testing Perl on Windows  (ActivePerl)Testing Perl on *nix Systems The first thing youll want to do is make sure youve followed the  ActivePerl Installation tutorial  and installed ActivePerl and the Perl Package Manager on your machine. Next, create a folder on your C: drive to store your scripts in for the sake of the tutorial, well call this folder  perlscripts. Copy the Hello World program into C:\perlscripts\ and make sure the filename is  hello.pl. Getting a Windows Command Prompt Now we need to get to a Windows command prompt. Do this by clicking on the  Start  menu and selecting the item  Run.... This will pop up the run screen that contains the  Open:  line. From here, just type  cmd  into the  Open:  field and press the  Enter  key. This will open (yet another) window which is our Windows command prompt. You should see something like this: Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600] (C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp. C:\Documents and Settings\perlguide\Desktop We need to change to the directory (cd) that contains our Perl scripts by typing in the following command: cd c:\perlscripts That should make our prompt reflect the change in the path like so: C:\perlscripts Now that were in the same directory as the script, we can run it simply by typing its name at the command prompt: hello.pl If Perl is installed and running correctly, it should output the phrase Hello World., and then return you to the Windows command prompt. An alternate method of testing your Perl installation is by running the interpreter itself with the  -v  flag: perl -v If the Perl interpreter is working correctly, this should output quite a bit of information, including the current version of Perl you are running. Testing Your Installation If you are using a school or work Unix / Linux server, chances are Perl is already installed and running when in doubt, just ask your system administrator or technical staff. There are a few ways we can test our installation, but first, you will need to complete two preliminary steps.​ First, you must copy your Hello World program to your home directory. This is usually accomplished via FTP.   Once your script has been copied to your server, you will need to get to a  shell prompt  on the machine, usually via SSH. When you have reached the command prompt, you can change into your  home  directory by typing the following command: cd ~ Once there, testing your Perl installation is very similar to testing on a windows system with one extra step. In order to  execute  the program, you must first tell the operating system that the file is OK to execute. This is done by setting the permissions on the script so that anyone can execute it. You can do this by using the  chmod  command: chmod 755 hello.pl Once youve set the permissions, you can then execute the script by simply typing its name. hello.pl If that doesnt work, you might not have your home directory in your current path. As long as you are in the same directory as the script, you can tell the operating system to run the program (in the current directory) like so: ./hello.pl If Perl is installed and running correctly, it should output the phrase Hello World., and then return you to the Windows command prompt. An alternate method of testing your Perl installation is by running the interpreter itself with the  -v  flag: perl -v If the Perl interpreter is working correctly, this should output quite a bit of information, including the current version of Perl you are running.

The Norton Anthology of English Literature Essays

The Norton Anthology of English Literature Essays The Norton Anthology of English Literature Essay The Norton Anthology of English Literature Essay Alexandra Briscoe stated on bbc. co. uk in the Elizabeth’s Spy Network on WWW, that Queen Elizabeth lived under constant threat from Catholics since she was a staunch protestant. Initially William Cecil (later known as Lord Burghley) overlooked the secret intelligence services and protection of the queen. Later Francis Walsingham, one of the most loyal ministers worked as the spymaster and supervised the secret network of spies protecting the queen’s life. Francis Walsingham an intelligent, serious, disciplined, quick-witted, ruthless and qualified lawyer with strong protestant beliefs was appointed as Secretary of State in 1568. â€Å"He was strict and almost a Puritan in his religious beliefs and passionate in protecting the country from Catholic threat. † Spies were posted in various countries to pass on the information about politics and attitudes of Catholic nations towards England. The intelligence reports enabled Walsingham to trace the links of various Catholics in other countries to that in England and annul the plots and conspiracies. Most of the spies recruited were undergraduates from Oxford and Cambridge, they had to undertake long journeys and sometimes even risk their lives to collect strategic information to safeguard the nation and the queen. Intelligence work involved deciphering the information received as code from various sources. The text was written in invisible ink such as lemon juice or milk, which could be read by heating the paper over the candle. Simple messages would be written alongside to the original text to mislead. Another form of passing information was by shuffling the letters or substituting with numbers, symbols and zodiac signs. Once the key was worked out it would transform into some meaningful secret messages. In order to succeed Walsingham had to establish a spy school to train the new recruits. For security reasons Queen Mary of Scotland was moved frequently and closely guarded, which she never knew. It took about 20 years for Walsingham to track down the fact that she was corresponding with a group of catholics led by Anthony Babington. Walsingham provided the minutest details of correspondence that Mary was having with Babington to Queen Elizabeth and finally when Babington wanted Mary to participate in the plot. She was caught red-handed and all others in the plot too were tracked down to be executed publicly in a brutal manner. After trials in the court Mary was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death. Mary was executed on February 08, 1587 in the Great Hall at Fotheringhay, due to nervousness the executioner missed aim and took three blows to severe her head with his axe, horrified onlookers stated that her lips continued to move in silent prayer for fifteen minutes. The queen distrusted the puritan leanings of Walsingham but appreciated his actions and had not provided proper funding for his activities. Walsingham died three years later in 1590. Alexandra Briscoe stated on bbc. co. uk in the Poverty in Elizabethan England on WWW, that the main reasons for poverty during Elizabethan era was due to a dramatic rise in population from three million to four million, rise in fertility, fall in death rate and inflation due to debasing of coins by Henry VIII, which was rectified in 1560 by Elizabeth’s government. Queen Elizabeth’s government also introduced various acts to tackle the problem of poverty; in 1563 the first of the many acts categorized the poor into ‘deserving poor’ and ‘undeserving poor. ’ A series of acts were introduced in the parliament in the following years 1563, 1572, 1576, 1597 and 1601. Some acts were very harsh, but were modified according to the prevailing conditions. The poor laws introduced played a crucial role and indicated a â€Å"progression from private charity to welfare state. † The laws guaranteed minimum subsistence to the destitute. The acts of 1597 and 1601 remained well into the nineteenth century which remains as a tribute to the Elizabethan era. In the concluding remarks I would like to state that Virgin Queen Elizabeth I asserted her power in the then male dominated society by executing total control over the people with the help of well managed ministers and advisers. Most important among them was Francis Walsingham, who provided the best security with well knit intelligence network available in those days. As is evident she was a very good orator and could win over the people just by talking out. The various laws introduced in her era were infact the guiding principles for the future generations. Thus Queen Elizabeth I stood apart from the rest of the women in that era. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. The Sixteenth Century Topics (2006). Page retrieved on October 01, 2006 from www.angelfire.com/mi4/polcrt/ElizabethI.html.

Micro12isa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Micro12isa - Essay Example This shows the boom period in which the minimum wage is increased because of which restaurants owners have to pay more to their waiters as well as it increases the cost of meals and would result in increase in unemployment. The demand and supply curve in the above graph show the impact of the taxes imposed by government on price and quantity demanded. In the above graph the Pe and Qe are the equilibrium price and quantity demanded respectively. Suppose the government imposed tax on any good and the amount of this tax is shared by both producers and the consumers as well. Supply curve shifts from S to S1 because of this tax as the producer desires to sell the good at higher prices in order to decrease the tax’s effect on him and this result in the increase in the price of the good from â€Å"Pe† to â€Å"Pt† as well as decrease in the quantity demanded â€Å"Qe† to â€Å"Qt.† Therefore from the graph we can conclude that if government imposes on any good it would result in decrease in the producer’s revenue, raises prices for consumers, and decreases the quantity of the good available in the market. Now let suppose the government put a tax on this product and also the demand curve is perfectly elastic then the supply curve shifts leftward that is the producer will decrease the supply of product because of which the producer’s surplus decreases and he will have to pay the tax. This we can in the graph given below. Apparently the producers seem to have little costs due to the drug being illegal so the trading does not include any taxation. However the usual cost includes cost of production, transportation, legal actions that may be taken at any step by law enforcing agencies in case of being caught. In case the contrabands are made legal, governments will impose taxation and duties on their trading due to their harmful effects. Such duties will decline the producer surplus and the part of their

SWOT Analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

SWOT Analysis - Case Study Example Prior to the implementation of this strategy, the company had been in financial trouble. The admission of this issue had lead to a decrease in the employee's happiness, and then eventually, this lead to a labor relations issue. Acme, because of its business type, had to employ a wide variety of different workers because of its use of highly skilled technology. Therefore, it had geologists, geophysicists, engineers, (referred to as "the brains")as well as semiskilled labor (referred to as "the brawn") working together to create a functional business. In 1994, these two different levels of employees clashed in a very serious way that also became distressingly public. Engineers at the plant in Wichita locked out union workers and left them outside in the hot Kansas summer. The press got a hold of the story and the media went awry with the issue, and most employees felt that the press went far overboard with its push of the story. However, the bad publicity caused a change of the chief e xecutive, and Bill Daniels was brought in. Daniels displayed talent previously and had experience with teamwork and change. He wound up being a very good selection for the company. Daniels was good with the media, for one, so he was able to deflect some of the bad publicity. Second, he was able to restore the hurting company within his first year by getting rid of unnecessary parts of the business to save money. He was able to change management's tactics and created a shared-services department which focused on total quality management, and Jimenez became in charge of this group. Daniels had wanted Jimenez to improve the moral at the company's five extraction sites, as morale was low all around. Wichita was the only site where things had come to such a head, but the two individuals still felt that all sites needed to be considered in this re-organization project. Jimenez was ready to go; she had an M.B.A. and had also worked with a consulting firm prior to coming to Acme. She had worked at Acme for ten years, and had much experience with the company. She was provided with a team to assist her and she focused on a morale strategy. First, they team focused on Wichita, which had been the company's severe problem area. The plant had other issues other than the "brains" and the "brawn" infighting in the company; the plant was also performing below average, and the former CEO had considered getting rid of the plant altogether. All the change programs the old management had tried had failed, but Jimenez felt that these program's failures were fairly predictable since they had posed unrealistic expectations in the first place. With this in mind, Jimenez was able to fix the labor relations problem. Things were not as smoothly as they could have been, but the plan still worked and things were successful overall. Daniels had bragged about this early suc cess to the stakeholders and ensured that this success could be performed at the other plants. When moving the strategy to Lubbock, Jimenez could have been overconfident. She sent one of her people out there with two other staff in order to implement the strategy. Several problems began to occur after that. In Lubbock, issues that hadn't occurred in Wichita began to occur. The employees seemed reluctant to participate in any of the problem-solving and team-building concepts the company had put

Public and Private Schools Essay Example for Free

Public and Private Schools Essay There are many advantages and disadvantages to both public and private schools. As a parent, both options must be explored and the choice must be based on what is right for each particular child.   Public schools often have a larger variety of subjects available, especially when it comes to electives. However, what is learned is somewhat decided by the state because public schools need to do well on standardized testing. Private schools, on the other hand, whether parochial or private have much more freedom of choice in curriculum and can choose to make their own assessments. Because of the individualized instruction, private schools tend to do generally better on standardized testing, that is, if they choose to use it. Private schools, many times, have more demanding curricula and have a higher rate of students who go on to attend college. Public schools are larger and also have larger class sizes. Public schools also have larger student-teacher ratios. According to a web site called Public School Review, â€Å"Private schools average 13 students per teacher, compared with an average of 16 students per teacher in public schools† (publicschoolreview). However, public schools have certified teachers. Private schools typically have teachers who are not state-certified and who may not have expertise in their subject matter.   The biggest difference between public and private schools probably is that public schools are required to educate all students. They cannot deny any student admission. On the other hand, private schools have complete control about who they accept and can kick students out much more easily.   Public schools are funded by tax revenue whereas private schools are funded privately. That means private schools cost money to attend called tuition. Taxpayers pay for public schools so the payment is included in what people pay. However in private schools, the payment is upfront for students to attend. Overall, there is no one right answer for which kind of school a student attends—public or private. The decision must be made for each individual student as there are advantages and disadvantages of both. Works Cited Public School Review. Public Versus Private Schools. Retrieved Nov. 15, 2007 at Web

The Vietnam War: A Fight for Human Liberty and Freedom Essay -- Vietna

No war that the United States has ever fought has drawn so much heart-rending criticism than the Vietnam War. This war divided the United States as no war since the Civil War ever has. Citizens that favored the participation in Vietnam still argue their point of view with those that opposed the United States involvement in Vietnam. The Vietnam conflict started as civil war in the country of Vietnam, one that lies very far away from the United States in Indochina. Why did Americans sacrifice so many lives and so much money for a country so far away? Why did millions of Americans violently protest involvement in Vietnam? It has been twenty-six years since the last American soldier left Vietnam, and the United States has still not come to peace with the Vietnam experience. Despite the 58,156 American causalities, the 1.5 million dead in North Vietnam, the 924,000 Vietcong killed in the South, the South Vietnamese losses of 183,000 and the 120 billion dollars spent by the US in Vietnam, the United States was justified in its reasons for entering the Vietnam conflict (Edwards 10). Time has not altered the facts of why the United States chose to fight for freedom halfway across the world. Vietnam is a long narrow country in the China Sea that is in the shape of an â€Å"S.† Its total size is that of New Mexico, but it is much more populous with 47 million residents (Fincher 7). Vietnam is a land of thousands of small villages with many rice fields. Three out of every four Vietnamese live on the coast and all the major cities also lie there (Lawson 1). Vietnam has a monsoon climate, which consists of a hot wet season followed by a cooler dryer time. The average summer temperature in the South Vietnam ... ...nd freedom, which is still a just cause today. Works Cited Chomsky, Noam. Rethinking Camelot. Boston: South End Press, 1993. Dinh, Viet. â€Å"How We Won in Vietnam.† Policy Review. Dec. 2000-Jan. 2001. P.104-115. Dunnigan, James and Nofi, Albert. Dirty Little Secrets of the Vietnam War. New York: St. Maetin’s Press. 1999. Edwards, Richard. The Vietnam War. Vero Beach, Florida: Rouke Enterprises, 1986. Fincher, E.B. The Vietnam War. New York: Fraklin Watts, 1980. Herring, George. â€Å"Vietnam, American Foreign Policy, and the History.† Virginia Quarterly Review. Winter 90. p. 1-11. Kaiser, David. American Tragedy. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belkwap Press of Harvard University Press, 2000. Lawson, Don. The United States in the Vietnam War. New York: Thomas. Y. Crowell, 1981. Nickelson, Harry. Vietnam. San Diego: Lucent Books, 1981.

The Rise of Punk in 70’s Britain.

hDuring 1970s Britain, life was a picture of austerity and hardship for many members of the public. The country was facing the worst economic recession since the Great Depression of the 1930s and large numbers of the electorate were quickly beginning to grow tired of the failing policies being touted by both Labour and Conservative minority governments. The experience of Britain for many in the 1970s was one of drawn out decline and decay, the consensus politics of the 1960's was falling apart and Harold Macmillan’s notion of ‘You’ve never had it so good’ couldn’t have been further from the truth.It could be argued that the aforementioned factors played a role of importance when assessing the largely spontaneous emergence of the punk movement into British society. Economic recession, not only in Britain but in other major world nations, was ever increasing, mainly due to the 1973 oil crisis which eventually cost Heath his post as prime minister and p aved the way towards ‘The Rise of Thatcherism’.The crisis was due to the Arab members of the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), announcing, as a result of the ongoing Yom Kippur War, that they would no longer ship oil to nations that had supported Israel in its conflict with Syria and Egypt. These nations included the United States of America and their allies in the shape of Britain and Japan.British industry suffered a great deal due to the lack of oil being imported into the country, Britain began to face major competition from other major economies, such as Japan and the USA, in certain sectors such as manufacturing, which had previously been a large and consistent area of income. With the flight of capital in the face of increasing working class militancy, it soon became clear that Governments in the industrialised economies could no longer sustain a commitment to full employment.As factories within these newly competitive industries were forc ed to close due to falling sales, it consequently had the effect of rising unemployment. By the mid 1970s unemployment had reached well over a million people and did not show signs of ceasing at any point soon after. The electorate began to resent the emergence of mass unemployment as it had not played any real part within British politics since the years shortly following the end of World War I, a period of British history which the British public would not look back on with any great affection and certainly would not want to revisit.Considerable amounts of workers who had been recently made redundant began supporting trade unions on a more regular and meaningful basis. The unemployed became aggrieved with the failing British economy and felt adamant that they deserved better support and welfare than they were currently receiving due to the government’s current inadequacies. Now that the trade unions had a much greater support, albeit in unfortunate circumstances, they began to put increasing pressure on Heath’s conservative government to pass legislative measures to aid the unemployed in their hour of need.Workers from almost all of the countries key industries such as mining, ship building and car manufacture went on strike to demonstrate their frustrations and vent their anger towards the incompetence of the Tory’ administration. The refusal by either party to make compromises on their respective arguments only furthered the problems and deepened the mire which Britain was steadily descending into.Due to the prolonged strikes by the mining community which started on the 10th February 1974 and lasted until 7th March of the same year, Britain found herself being exceedingly stretched to the point of what resources they had left circa the aforesaid strike action. Electrical power was deemed to be being consumed at too much of a prompt pace and under the rule of Edward Heath, the Conservatives decided on the introduction of the ‘Thre e Day Week’. The Three Day Week was a policy in which commercial users of electricity would be limited to a quota of three specified consecutive days use in a week long period.General members of the public also had to deal with the consequences of the striking populations’ actions. Ministers solemnly urged the populace to share baths and brush their teeth in the dark. Television, which by now was one of the nation's favourite pastimes, was brought to an untimely end at 10. 30pm each evening. Heath had promised â€Å"tomorrow would be better than today†, but he couldn't even keep the lights on. An image synonymous with the mid to late 1970s was that of piles of rotting rubbish collecting on pavements throughout the country.Waste centres were closed and emergency refuse sites were opened in town streets after binmen joined in months of strikes. This only became a further irritant to the British electorate who were becoming increasingly restless waiting for the gov ernment to develop new strategies in order to tackle the ongoing disrepute between themselves and Britain’s workforce. The social and economic problems of Britain, however, could not be solved simply by government legislation. Unrest was caused by much more than Heath’s perceived shortcomings as a Prime Minister. The problems of society ran far deeper than that.A process of fallout from the 1960's had occurred; a sizeable part of the generation born at the end of the late 50's and early 60's were coming into maturity and most were without the guarantee of a job, economic stability and a sense of community. The younger generations within Britain began to feel alienated from their peers and it could also be argued that some may have wished alienation upon themselves to escape from what was fast becoming a dire excuse for a society. The youth of the time were on the lookout for an escape from their lives of conservatism, conformity and control.This accumulated feeling of resentment towards the authoritarian government manifested itself in the form of the Punk movement. From late 1976, kids started to appear on Britain’s streets in attire which shocked the everyday British citizen. Ripped t-shirts with hastily drawn band logos, safety pins, bin liners and spiked hair defined a new image. Since the 1960s any diversity became a wagon to jump on; any music, fashion or ideologies that were incorporated within the ‘free love’ scene were no longer something that the uninspired youth of the ‘70s aspired to be part of.Mods, Rockers and Hippies were all fast becoming sub-cultures that were deemed to be cliched by the nation’s youth. The ‘60s scene had been entirely commercialised by the establishment and had been turned into areas of profit by large record companies. These record labels however also were not putting any interest or faith into anything new in the music industry, they wanted to stick with what had brought them so much profit and it seemed nothing would be able to shift their ‘if its not broken, don’t fix it’ mentality.The establishment of the 1960’s-70’s did not want their youth creating counter-cultures, thus the average youth felt the need to rebel and so the DIY culture exploded. Although punk never reached the forefront in the 60’s, the rebellious ethos of the movement was beginning to show, mainly in American acts and specifically within the New York rock scene. Teenagers influenced by the R;B styled groups of the decades earlier years began to form their own garage bands across the United States. Various trends and events would occur at the inception of the 1970’s that would be helpful in advancing the music ndustry and working towards the growth of punk rock, namely the deaths of Jimi Hendrix and Jim Morrison which seemed to have brought the popular music lovers into a state of uncertainty and would now mean music journalists wou ld have to find new acts to write about. In Great Britain, bands and artists such as David Bowie had started to refine their sounds in hope of reviving their careers. The result of this was the so called ‘glam’ movement, which saw artists like T-Rex and Roxy Music beginning to blend pop song structures with harder edged guitar based material.Back in the New York Scene, a trashy streetwise orientated version of glam was starting to surface. A band eager to take to the throne of this was the New York Dolls. The Dolls, and later, The Ramones would serve as somewhat of a prototype, from which later came the Sex Pistols and many other of London’s punk bands such as The Clash, The Jam and Siouxsie and The Banshees. By the mid ‘70s many music lovers had become tiresome towards the industry’s ‘run of the mill’ rock that the public were being force-fed. Members of the public began to see rock and roll acts as nothing more than that acts – artificial, manufactured and uninspiring.The world of rock had become a tightly controlled, moneymaking machine in which record sales and success held precedence over any passion or true emotion. Essentially people yearned for a rock and roll that was innovative and fun again. On December 1st 1976 an infamous event occurred that made sure that anyone who was not aware of the emergence of punk was now fully conscious of its presence. The Sex Pistols appeared on the ‘Today’ show as a last minute replacement. The band was interviewed by Bill Grundy who naively on his part, proceeded to provoke the band to â€Å"say something outrageous†.For Mick Jones in particular, he took this as an open invitation and obliged with a barrage of expletives, which not surprisingly, shocked the early evening audience. The following day the front page of various national newspapers contained pictures of the band on the show and a summary of their antics. The older generation of Britai n, needless to say, were in outrage. This however was exactly the kind of reaction the band had dreamed of. It gained them column inches and further made the public aware of their existence. Whilst in the public spotlight the band released arguably their most famous single, ‘God Save The Queen.The song came at a time when opposition to royalty was still seen as treasonous and frowned upon by the majority of British people. The record was quickly refused airtime by the BBC whose station, Radio 1, dominated the broadcasting of music at the time. Only DJs such as John Peel dared to play punk in succession to other popular music hits of the era. Nevertheless, during the week of Queen Elizabeth II’s silver jubilee, the single ‘officially’ reached number two in the UK charts although many large record stores knew that ‘God Save The Queen’ was outselling Rod Stewart’s â€Å"I Don’t Want To Talk About It† by four to one.Unbelievabl y, the charts had been rigged so the music industry would not be red-faced by such a spectacle. However this did not deter the band from putting out further material. ‘Pretty Vacant’ and ‘Holidays In The Sun’ were released to promote the Sex Pistols’ first and only full length album, ‘Never Mind The Bollocks – Here’s The Sex Pistols’, which was released in November and subsequently went straight to the top of the album charts despite many stores refusing to stock it.After another tour, this time held in secret to avoid bans, The Pistols’ final gig took place at Ivanhoe’s in Huddersfield on Christmas Day 1977 before they took off for the ill-fated U. S. tour in January 1978. They had originally been scheduled to start the tour in December 1977, beginning with a performance on Saturday Night Live, but due to the bands run-ins with the law, were unable to get their passports in time, so Stiff Records’ band , Elvis Costello and the Attractions, went on in their place. The eight show tour of the U. S. was a badly planned and dispiriting experience for all concerned.Sid Vicious, the band’s bassist, was beaten by the bodyguards who were hired to protect him, Johnny Rotten was ill and the bands’ performances were destroyed by awful sound and hostile audiences. On the final date of January 14th at the Winterland Ballroom in San Francisco, Rotten quit, famously asking â€Å"Ever get the feeling you’ve been cheated? † before walking off. Punk bands continued to play the usual haunts around London, but never again did anyone come close to causing the outrage or having the success which the Sex Pistols had experienced.I went about organising a question and answer session with my father Martin, who was in his teens during the emergence of punk and also followed the movement with great interest. Through summarising the feedback I gained from the aforementioned intervie w I was given a great personal viewpoint on the society of the mid 1970s as well as his own personal experiences of the same period. ‘Through the 1970s the news was all about strikes, economic downturns and lost opportunities.As a teenager I can recall the 3 day week when places of work closed to save energy, my dad would be at home on reduced pay (he worked for the GPO – now BT) and the newspapers would print schedules showing when your area would have power cuts, which were a regular part of life. I remember my dad taking my sister and me for a drive in the car to Falkirk to get out of the house and keep warm rather than sit in the house with no power. TV stations shut down after the news at 10. 30 in the hope that people would just go to bed and save electricity.A mate of mine bought packets of candles from the market in Glasgow and made a decent addition to his pocket money by selling them round the neighbourhood where he lived. Also the entitlement to dole money fo r school leavers had been stopped which meant that you couldn’t sign on and get money straight away, you had to wait for a number of weeks before you’d get a â€Å"Giro†. Unemployment was making the headlines in the papers and for the first time in years people were leaving school believing that they wouldn’t get a job, or at least wouldn’t get one that was worth having as the factories and shipyards which traditionally paid well were closing.I started to become aware, mainly through the pages of the NME, a number of bands from London who were playing music inspired by early Iggy Pop and The Stooges as well as The Ramones. The latter had made front page headlines in The Glasgow Evening Times, which had got itself in a state of moral outrage over the song â€Å"Sniffin’ Glue† arguing that the number of kids dying from glue sniffing could be increased due to the song. Bearing in mind how few copies it sold, it was nonsense.John Peel onc e said of the punk era â€Å"You don’t know you’re bored, until you stop being bored. † I was 17 in 1976 and probably the only band I was currently into was Dr Feelgood. They were a band playing Chuck Berry influenced songs, wearing bad suits! The prevailing music of the time was bland, inconsequential, middle of the road rubbish by Rod Stewart, The Eagles and Queen. I still remember vividly the moment I first actually heard the Sex Pistols in November 1976.My friend Davie had borrowed a copy of ‘Anarchy in the UK’ from his friend in school and we played it in my bedroom. I can remember us both laughing out loud at how different it was and how blown away we were by it. We must have played it 10 times in a row. Looking back, I think we felt like we were part of a â€Å"privileged few† who had heard the song as it was subsequently banned by all radio stations at the time, this is hard to imagine now. The 3rd single released by the Pistols, â₠¬Å"Pretty Vacant†, could only be played on Radio 1 after 10pm.If anything, it only reinforced the Pistols credentials as the band you most wanted to be associated with. We started to see and hear of people dressed as â€Å"punks† around the city, though what constituted the punk look was very difficult to describe. It could be anything from old school jumpers ripped and worn inside out, t-shirts torn or cut and held together with safety pins with band names scrawled on in biro or marker pen or even t-shirts made from bin liners.For girls the look was heavily based on Jordan (Pamela Hook) and Siouxsie Sioux; short skirts, fishnets, and heavy eye make-up. . Glasgow District Council decided to withdraw licences of any venue which had booked punk acts, effectively banning punk in the city. Occasionally you’d hear of a secret gig being played somewhere in Glasgow and you had to meet up to be told where it was. By the Summer of 1977 I’d left school and got a job in an independent record shop and remember the clamour when the first Pistols album came out.People were waiting around in the shop for it to be delivered. Every box that arrived, we’d be asked if that was the album. First one out of the box went onto the sound system at maximum volume and we couldn’t keep up with people shoving to the front of the queue. Eventually the council lifted the ban and loads of bands came to Glasgow, many playing small gigs and doing signing sessions in the shop where I worked, including The Clash who were considered to be the most overtly â€Å"political† band of the era. ’

Common Criteria for Deciding Whether to Buy or Build

Common criteria for deciding whether to buy or build a software solution would be to take a look at the System Development Life Cycle; Planning, Analysis, Design, and Implementation. Planning or initiation include a business problem, request for proposal, request for quote, and proposal/quote ie. first go/no go decision. Analysis or logistics of implementation include business requirements, technical requirements, and data requirements, and GAP analysis which helps a company compare actual performance with potential performance. Design includes logical/physical, technical specs, process flow/data flow, system architecture, data design, screen layouts, and navigation map/flow. Once these criteria are examined and the complexity is determined, a decision can then be made to buy or build a software solution. Implementation is turning it into a working system that has been tested and put into use including documentation, training procedures, support capabilities, and associated updates. A manager’s selection for off-the-shelf software can be established by deciding if the criteria of cost, functionality, vendor support, viability of vendor, flexibility, documentation, response time, and ease of installation will be greater and a smoother transition than producing an in-house software solution. The two most important aspects of purchasing an off-the-shelf software are vendor support and vendor viability. If a manager chose to produce in-house software, the support is a constant in that the programmers who created the software are available at any time, and know the ‘in’s and out’s of the software’, whereas if there is no vendor support from the purchased software you are taking a gamble which may prove unwise, and the credibility of the manager is no longer. Cost, functionality, flexibility, and documentation are criteria that depends primarily on the specific situation, ie. budget, and needs. Discuss the four phases involved in managing a project. Compare and contrast these phases with the SDLC. Explain any differences. Managing projects of all shapes and sizes requires a fluid, nonlinear framework that has applications across all essential elements of project planning. The four-phase process that suggests how to allow for readjustment between the phases are initiate, plan, execute, and evaluate. Initiate, this first project management phase, the preliminary work is done to clarify the problem or opportunity and how a solution would look. All interested parties are consulted and the project scope – what is in and what is out – is clarified as well as initial costs and timelines. Plan, determines whether the proposed project will be of real benefit to the organization. If it is, the project is approved and more detailed planning starts. Business benefits, project objectives, requirements, governance, scope and project management methods are agreed. The Project Manager draws up the detailed project schedule and task and budget allocations. Execute, project stakeholders are interviewed to ascertain the detailed requirements, possible solutions are discussed and decided upon. Next, the solution is designed, built and finally implemented. Project management activities in this phase also include managing the project budget and schedule, reporting project progress, communicating with stakeholders and responding to project risks, issues and proposed changes. Evaluate, The purpose of this final phase is to determine whether the project was a success and what was learned can be gleaned and applied to future projects ie. , did the project deliver on time, within budget and to scope and quality requirements? Comparing the four phases in managing a project; initiate, plan, execute, evaluate with the SDLC phases; Plan, Analysis, Design and Implement one will see many cross similarities; each describing approaches to a variety of tasks or activities that take place during the process. After each phase is finished, it proceeds to the next one; reviews may occur before moving to the next phase which allows for the possibility of changes. Reviews may also be employed to ensure that the phase is indeed complete; and is ready to progress to the next phase. Explain the three primary project identification and selection phase activities. Who should make the decisions about project approval in a business organization? What information is important to the decision? Project identification and selection consists of three primary activities: identifying potential development projects, classifying and ranking projects, and selecting projects for development. Identifying potential development projects is a process that can be performed by a key member in top management, a steering committee, the head of a requesting committee, the development group or IS manager. Projects by top management reflect broader needs of the organization since there is an understanding of overall business. Projects identified by a top management or steering committee are referred to as coming from a top-down source. Projects designed by individual mangers or the IS group are more focused on the needs rather than a broader scope; projects stemming from managers, or business units are referred to as a bottom-up source. Top-down and bottom-up initiatives are used in identifying and selecting projects, it will vary on the scope and needs of the project. Classifying and ranking projects can be performed by top management, a steering committee, business units, or the IS development group. The project requirements will vary by the organization administering it, one group may choose to meet monthly, whereas another chooses to meet quarterly. Meetings typically consist of reviewing ongoing projects as well as new project requests. Selecting projects for development is the final activity in the project identification and selection phase. Since the criteria for a project can change at any time, numerous factors must be considered when selecting a project; perceived needs of the organization, existing systems and ongoing projects, resource availability, evaluation criteria, current business conditions, and perspectives of the decision makers. Projects can be accepted or rejected which means funding is allocated or the project will no longer be considered for development. A project can be returned to the original requesters who are told to develop or purchase the requested system themselves. Also, the requesters of a project may be asked to modify or resubmit their request after making suggested changes or clarifications. Due to the process of incremental commitment a selected project does not necessarily result in a working product. After each subsequent SDLC activity, the members of the project team will reassess the project. This reassessment will entail a more detailed understanding of the system’s costs, benefits, and risks to determine if the project was a worthy as it was thought to be. How should a project team determine system requirements? What are common sources of requirements? What are the limitations for each? In addition, discuss four types of documents that would be helpful in determining future system requirements. During requirements and determination analysts gather information on what the system should do from as many sources as possible. Sources include users of the current system, reports, forms, and procedures. All of the requirements are carefully documented and made ready for structuring. Structuring includes taking the system requirements during determination and ordering them into tables, diagrams, and other formats that make it easier to translate into technical systems specifications. Some examples of requirement determination include, impertinence, impartiality, relaxing of constraints, attention to details, and reframing. Impertinence is questioning everything. Are all transactions processed the same way? Could anyone be charged something other than standard price? Will employees be allowed or encouraged to work for more than one department? Impartiality is finding the best solution to a business problem or opportunity. All issues must be considered to try to find the best organizational solution. Relaxing of constraints, assuming anything is possible and eliminates the infeasible. Organizations change and all policies and rules should be evaluated. Attention to details, everything must fit into place. If one element is out of place, the whole system will fail. Reframing, looking at the process in a new way. It is easy to assume the project will be the same or similar, but this assumption can lead to failed systems. Constantly challenging yourself will prove beneficial in this process. Specific examples to be gathered at the requirements determination phase are, the business objectives that drive what and how work is done, the information people need to do their jobs, the data handled within the organization to support the jobs, when, how, and by whom or what the data are moved, transformed and stored, the sequence and other dependencies among different data-handling activities, the rules governing how data are handled and processed, policies and guidelines that describe the nature of the business, the market, and the environment in which it operates, and key events affecting data values and when these events occur. It is important that the scope of the system not become to large and expansive that analysis paralysis not occur, this can become costly and time consuming, and can lead to an abundance of work. To deter this from happening analysts must focus on the system in need not the system in place. Documents that are helpful in determining future system requirements are administering written questionnaires ie. surveys to discover issues and requirements, business documents ie. iscover reported issues, policies, rules, and concrete examples, and conducting written interviews with open-ended and close-ended questions. Also directly observing users an give a more objective and accurate review. Read the following online article and discuss two ways to justify IT budgets. How would you explain your IT budget to your CFO? To justify an IT budget is to provide a quality ROI on any new initiative. If the CFO can’t understand the needs of various departments then the only way to their pocketboo k is to present them with a bottom line return on their investment. In the case of procuring an IT budget, executives are often less than forthcoming because of the lack of information they receive from department heads. CEO’s respond most favorably to requests for IT budgets which are cost justified with a simple ROI business case. The business case needs to specifically show how potential costs associated with liability, may be minimized by implementing a sound IT infrastructure. The potential liabilities, such as loss of production and/or loss of reputation are translated into actual dollars in the ROI. A good business case or a good investment analysis will also measure the probabilities of different ROI outcomes. An investment analysis is the examination and assessment of economic and market trends, earnings prospects, earnings ratios, and various other indicators and factors to determine suitable investment strategies. Explaining the IT budget to the CFO you should first examine core needs ie. bandwidth, Internet, phone and staff, and plan to manage them on a minimal investment. Explore reducing excess capacity in the server room, renegotiate vendor contracts and rethink software licenses. Assuring the CFO that you have taken all necessary steps in limiting the IT budget will prove that you have taken all necessary steps to ensure a minimal budget while providing an the required IT services. Revisit past assumptions, you may have a contract that replaces hardware every two years, which could be an unnecessary budget item, and could in return be replaced every four years. Show the CFO how improvements have helped customer experience and saved money. Give him/her a friendly remember that not investing in things that could be and important aspect to IT when the economy turns around can come back to bite you. IT’s value is determined by the relationship between what the organization will pay, ie. cost, and what it will get back ie. benefits. The larger the amount of benefit in relation to cost, the greater the value of the IT project.

Models Of Disability Are Tools For Defining Impairment Social Work Essay Essay Example

Models Of Disability Are Tools For Defining Impairment Social Work Essay Essay Example Models Of Disability Are Tools For Defining Impairment Social Work Essay Essay Models Of Disability Are Tools For Defining Impairment Social Work Essay Essay For Models of Disability are basically devised by people about other people. They provide an penetration into the attitudes, constructs and biass of the former and how they impact on the latter. From this, Models reveal the ways in which our society provides or limits entree to work, goods, services, economic influence and political power for people with disablements. Models are influenced by two cardinal doctrines. The first sees handicapped people as dependent upon society. This can ensue in paternalism, segregation and favoritism. The 2nd perceives handicapped people as clients of what society has to offer. This leads to pick, authorization, equality of human rights, and integrating. As we examine the different Models in this and subsequent articles, we will see the grade to which each doctrine has been applied. We should non see the Models as a series of sole options with one higher-up to or replacing old sets. Their development and popularity provides us with a continuum on altering societal attitudes to disablement and where they are at a given clip. Models change as society alterations. Given this grade of apprehension, our future aim should be to develop and run a bunch of theoretical accounts, which will authorise people with disablements, giving them full and equal rights alongside their fellow citizens. Social Model of Disability Definition 1l The Social Model positions disablement as a effect of environmental, societal and attitudinal barriers that prevent people with damages from maximal engagement in society. It is best summarized in the definition of disablement from the Disabled Peoples International: the loss or restriction of chances to take portion in the normal life of the community on an equal degree with others, due to physical or societal barriers. Its doctrine originates in US civil rights motion and has been championed by The British Council of Organizations of Disabled People and Rights Now, which calls for self-government. It is advocated in the UK by taking minds such as Dr Steven Duckworth and Bert Massie and has been the steering visible radiation for the The Local Government Management Board and the constitution of the new Commission for Disabled Peoples. It is besides referred to as the Minority-Group Model of Disability. This argues from a socio-political point of view that disablement stems from the failure of society to set to run into the demands and aspirations of a handicapped minority. This presents a radically different position on disablement issues and parallels the philosophy of those concerned with racial equality that racism is a job of Whites from which inkinesss suffer. If the job lies with society and the environment, so society and environment must alter. If a wheelchair user can non utilize a coach, the coach must be redesigned. To back up the statement, short-sighted people populating in the UK are non classified as handicapped. Eye-tests and ocular AIDSs which are either low-cost or freely available means that this damage does non forestall them take parting to the full in the life of the community. If, nevertheless, they live in a third-world state where such eye-care is non available they are badly handicapped. The inability to read and later learn and gather information would be counted as a terrible damage in any society. This Model implies that the remotion of attitudinal, physical and institutional barriers will better the lives of handicapped people, giving them the same chances as others on an just footing. Taken to its logical decision, there would be no disablement within a to the full developed society. The strength of this Model lies in its puting the burden upon society and non the person. At the same clip it focuses on the demands of the single whereas the Medical Model uses diagnosings to bring forth classs of disablement, and assumes that people with the same damage have indistinguishable demands and abilities. It besides offers positive solutions that have been proved to work in, for illustration, Canada, Australia and the USA. The Model faces two challenges. First, as the population gets older the Numberss of people with damages will lift and doing it harder for society to set. Second, its constructs can be hard to understand, peculiarly by dedicated professionals in the Fieldss of charities and rehabilitation. These have to be persuaded that their function must alter from that of remedy or attention to a less noticeable one of assisting handicapped people take control of their ain lives. The Social Model s restrictions arise from its failure to accent certain facets of disablement. Jenny Morris adds a feminist dimension. While environmental barriers and societal attitudes are a important portion of our experience of disablement and do so disenable us to propose that this is all there is, is to deny the personal experience of physical and rational limitations, of unwellness of the fright of deceasing. ( Pride against bias, 1991 ) Black disable people face jobs of both racial and disablement favoritism within a system of service proviso designed by white able-bodied people for white handicapped people. Definition 2 The societal theoretical account has been developed by handicapped people in response to the medical theoretical account and the impact it has had on their lives. Under the societal theoretical account, disablement is caused by the society in which we live and is non the fault of an person disabled individual, or an inevitable effect of their restrictions. Disability is the merchandise of the physical, organisational and attitudinal barriers present within society, which lead to favoritism. The remotion of favoritism requires a alteration of attack and thought in the manner in which society is organized. The societal theoretical account takes history of handicapped people as portion of our economic, environmental and cultural society. The barriers that prevent any single playing a portion in society are the job, non the person. Barriers still exist in instruction, information and communicating systems, working environments, wellness and societal support services, conveyance, lodging, public edifices and comfortss. The devaluing of handicapped people through negative images in the media movies, telecasting and newspapers besides act as a barrier. The societal theoretical account has been developed with the purpose of taking barriers so that handicapped people have the same chance as everyone else to find their ain life manners. A simple illustration is that of a wheelchair user who has a mobility damage. He is non really disabled in an environment where he can utilize public conveyance and addition full entree to edifices and their installations in the same manner that person without his damage would make. The societal theoretical account of disablement has basically changed the manner in which disablement is regarded and has had a major impact on anti-discriminatory statute law. However, some handicapped people and faculty members are involved in a re-evaluation of the societal theoretical account and they argue that the clip has come to travel beyond this basic place. A Medical Model of Disability Definition 1 The Medical Model holds that disablement consequences from an single individual s physical or mental restrictions, and is mostly unconnected to the societal or geographical environments. It is sometimes referred to as the Biological-Inferiority or Functional-Limitation Model. It is illustrated by the World Health Organization s ( WHO s ) definitions, which significantly were devised by physicians: Damage: any loss or abnormalcy of psychological or anatomical construction or map. Disability: any limitation or deficiency of ability ( ensuing from an damage ) to execute an activity in the mode or within the scope considered normal for a human being. Disability: any disadvantage for a given person, ensuing from damage or a disablement that limits or prevents the fulfilment of a function that is normal for that person. From the WHO Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps, 1980 From this, it is easy to see how people with disablements might go stigmatized as missing or unnatural . The Medical Model places the beginning of the job within a individual impaired individual, and concludes that solutions are found by concentrating on the person. A more sophisticated signifier of the theoretical account allows for economic factors, and recognizes that a hapless economic clime will adversely consequence a handicapped individual s work chances. Even so, it still seeks a solution within the person by assisting him or her overcome personal damage to get by with a wavering labour market. In simplest footings, the Medical Model assumes that the first measure solution is to happen a remedy or to utilize WHO terminology do handicapped people more normal . This constantly fails because handicapped people are non needfully vomit or can non be improved by remedial intervention. The lone staying solution is to accept the abnormalcy and supply the necessary attention to back up the incurable impaired individual. Policy shapers are limited to a scope of options based upon a plan of rehabilitation, vocational preparation for employment, income care plans and the proviso of AIDSs and equipment. This Functional-Limitation ( Medical ) theoretical account has dominated the preparation of disablement policy for old ages. Although we should non reject out-of-hand its curative facets which may bring around or relieve the physical and mental status of many handicapped people, it does non offer a realistic position from the point of view of handicapped people themselves. To get down with, most would reject the construct of being unnatural . Besides, the theoretical account imposes a paternalistic attack to job work outing which, although good intentioned, concentrates on attention and finally provides justification for institutionalization and segregation. This restricts handicapped people s chances to do picks, control their lives and develop their potency. Finally, the Model Fosters bing biass in the heads of employers. Because the conditional is medical , a handicapped individual will ipso facto be prone to ill wellness and ill leave, is likely to deteriorate, and will be less productive that work co-workers. Definition 2 As medical and scientific cognition expanded abundantly, the physician and the scientist replaced the priest as keeper of social values and bring arounding procedures. Work and production became commodified, and clip became additive. Human worth was so to be determined by sensed work value and profitableness ; and life styles and lives became dictated by the mechanistic patterns and establishments of the state province. Universality replaced specialness, ground replaced enigma, and cognition and province of the head superseded the lived experience of the organic structure. Normality , so, became determined by the ideal of the white, vernal, able, male organic structure ; and otherness to this ideal became hierarchically placed as lower status. Therefore, difference became redefined as aberrance commanding control. Events of this epoch were to hold a major impact on the lives of those with bodily restrictions. The lives of such people were reduced to little more than a medical label, and their hereafters defined by a medical forecast. Peoples with disablement so became a category necessitating physical remotion from the able-bodied norms of what was developing as an urbanised society. As some observers note, this was the epoch when cripples disappeared and disablement was created. As certain groups of people came to be viewed as unproductive and incapable, establishments were established as topographic points with a double intent: ( a ) where such people could be placed whilst other household members could run into workers duties ; and ( B ) where such people could be skilled to go productive members of society. But, with the modern epoch, there was besides an increasing accent on scientism and societal Darwinism ; and this resulted in the functions of particular establishments switching from agents of reform to agents of detention for societal control and institutional segregation for those now described as sub-normal. Institutions became the instruments for the facilitation of societal decease. Through a presumed scientific position, attention for people with disablement became depoloticized, technicalized and professionalized, predicated on impressions of calamity, load and incapacitated dependence. In the post-industrial and post-enlightenment epoch, disablement, in Western society, has been regarded as an single affliction preponderantly cast within scientific and medical discourses. Therefore, disablement has come to be defined and signified as a power-neutral, objectively discernible property or feature of an stricken individual. Harmonizing to this theoretical account, it is the person, and non society, who has the job, and different intercessions aim to supply the individual with the appropriate accomplishments to rehabilitate or cover with it. However, in a civilization, supported by modern Western medical specialty, and which idealizes the thought that the organic structure can be objectified and controlled, those who can non command their organic structures are seen as failures. In recent old ages, and with the influence of standardization rules since the 1970 s, the venue of an individualised conceptualisation has shifted from the state-run ( public ) establishment to community-based installations and attention. However, the medical position of disablement remains wedded to the economic system, whereby personal capacity and ability are frequently assessed as incapacity and inability so as to find a individual s eligibility for fiscal aid and benefits, and entree to personal resources. An economic position narrows the complexness of disablement to restrictions and limitations, with deductions of whether flawed people can be educated or productive. Lack of entree to adequate material resources perpetuates a charity discourse which depicts certain people as in demand of aid, as objects of commiseration, as personally tragic, and as dependent and ageless kids. It is a discourse of benevolence and selflessness ; and like with the responses of early Christian communities, this discourse serves a complimentary relationship between perceivably incapacitated people as instruments for good and virtuous plants of clemency and compassion by the more privileged members of society. Definition 3 The medical theoretical account came approximately as modern medical specialty began to develop in the nineteenth Century, along with the enhanced function of the doctor in society. Since many disablements have medical beginnings, people with disablements were expected to profit from coming under the way of the medical profession. Under this theoretical account, the jobs that are associated with disablement are deemed to shack within the person. In other words, if the person is healed so these jobs will non be. Society has no underlying duty to do a topographic point for individuals with disablements, since they live in an foreigner function waiting to be cured. The person with a disablement is in the ill function under the medical theoretical account. When people are ill, they are excused from the normal duties of society: traveling to school, acquiring a occupation, taking on household duties, etc. They are besides expected to come under the authorization of the medical profession in order to acquire better. Thus, until late, most disablement policy issues have been regarded as wellness issues, and doctors have been regarded as the primary governments in this policy country. One can see the influence of the medical theoretical account in disability public policy today, most notably in the Social Security system, in which disablement is defined as the inability to work. This is consistent with the function of the individual with a disablement as ill. It is besides the beginning of tremendous jobs for individuals with disablements who want to work but who would put on the line losing all related public benefits, such as wellness attention coverage or entree to Personal Assistance Services ( for in-home jobs and personal operation ) , since a individual loses one s disablement position by traveling to work. A A Expert/Professional Model of Disability The Expert/Professional Model has provided a traditional response to disablement issues and can be seen as an outgrowth of the Medical Model. Within its model, professionals follow a procedure of placing the damage and its restrictions ( utilizing the Medical Model ) , and taking the necessary action to better the place of the handicapped individual. This has tended to bring forth a system in which an dictator, over-active service supplier prescribes and Acts of the Apostless for a inactive client. This relationship has been described as that of influence peddler ( the professional ) and fixee ( the client ) , and clearly contains an inequality that limits coaction. Although a professional may be caring, the infliction of solutions can be less than benevolent. If the determinations are made by the expert , the client has no pick and is unable to exert the basic human right of freedom over his or her ain actions. In the extreme, it undermines the client s self-respect by taking the ability to take part in the simplest, mundane determinations impacting his or her life. E.g. when underwear demands to be changed or how veggies are to be cooked. A Rights-Based Model of Disability In more recent times, nevertheless, the impression of disability has come to be conceptualized as a socio-political concept within a rights-based discourse. The accent has shifted from dependance to independence, as people with disablement have sought a political voice, and go politically active against societal forces of ablism Disability militants, in prosecuting in individuality political relations, have adopted the schemes used by other societal motions commanding human and civil rights, against such phenomena as sexism and racism. A A Tragedy/Charity Model of Disability The Tragedy/Charity Model depicts handicapped people as victims of circumstance, deserving of commiseration. This and Medical Model are likely the 1s most used by non-disabled people to specify and explicate disablement. Traditionally used by charities in the competitory concern of fund-raising, the application of the Tragedy/Charity Model is diagrammatically illustrated in the televised Children in Need entreaties in which handicapped kids are depicted alongside immature victims of dearth, poorness, kid maltreatment and other fortunes. Whilst such entreaties raise considerable financess for services and equipment which are non provided by the province, many handicapped people find the negative victim-image exhaustively violative. In fact Children in Need has been described as televisual refuse aˆÂ ¦ oppressive to handicapped people M. Oliver quoted in C. Donnellan Disabilities and Discrimination Issues for the Nineties 1982. Some go every bit far as construing the tragic portraiture as a agency of keeping a flow of contributions and maintaining able-bodied people in work. The Tragedy/Charity Model is condemned by its critics as dis-enabling, and the cause of much favoritism. Talking on the BBC Everyman plan The Fifth Gospel ( day of the month? ) , Nabil Shaban said: The biggest job that we, the handicapped have, is that you, the non-disabled, are merely comfy when you see us as icons of commiseration. Because handicapped people are seen as tragic victims, it follows that they need attention, are non capable of looking after themselves or pull offing their ain personal businesss, and need charity in order to last. From calamity and commiseration stems a civilization attention . Although extremely applaudable in many respects, it carries certain dangers. Numerous charities exist to back up and care for people with a peculiar type of disablement, thereby medically sorting, segregating and frequently as with the Medical Model commiting many handicapped people. Over 400,000 grownups in Great Britain are affected by institutionalization Given the pick, many, if non most would choose for community life with equal support. The thought of if being receivers of charity lowers the self-pride of people with disablements. In the eyes of feel foring givers, charitable giving carries with it an outlook of gratitude and a set of footings imposed upon the donee. The first is sponsoring ; the 2nd modification upon the picks open to handicapped people. Besides, employers will see handicapped people as charitable instances. Rather than turn to the existent issues of making a workplace conducive to the employment of people with disablements, employers may reason that doing charitable contributions meets societal and economic duties. This is non to recommend leveling charities and criminal lovingness, charitable Acts of the Apostless, which enrich our society and convey severely needed financess. But we do need to educate charity directors and professionals to reexamine the manner they operate and guarantee that financess are channeled to advance the authorization of handicapped people and their full integrating into our society as equal citizens necessitating our regard and non our commiseration. A Religious/Moral Model of Disability Definition 1 The Religious Model views disablement as a penalty inflicted upon an person or household by an external force. It can be due to misdemeanours committed by the handicapped individual, person in the household or community group, or forebears. Birth conditions can be due to actions committed in a old reincarnation. Sometimes the presence of evil liquors is used to explicate differences in behaviour, particularly in conditions such as schizophrenic disorder. Acts of dispossession or forfeit may be performed to throw out or pacify the negative influence, or resort made to persecution or even decease of the person who is different . In some instances, the disablement stigmatizes a whole household, take downing their position or even taking to entire societal exclusion. Or it can be interpreted as an person s inability to conform within a household construction. Conversely, it can be seen as necessary affliction to be suffered before some future religious wages. It is an utmost theoretical account, which can be in any society where want is linked to ignorance, fright and bias. Definition 2 In a Western Judea-Christian society, the roots of understanding bodily difference have been grounded in Biblical mentions, the consequent responses and impacts of the Christian church, and the consequence of the enlightenment undertaking underpinning the modern epoch. These corporal provinces were seen as the consequence of evil liquors, the Satan, witchery or God s displeasure. Alternatively, such people were besides signified as reflecting the suffering Jesus , and were frequently perceived to be of beatific or beyond-human position to be a approval for others. Therefore, subjects which embrace impressions of wickedness or holiness, dross and integrity, undesirability and failing, attention and compassion, mending and loads have formed the dominant bases of Western conceptualisations of, and responses to, groups of people who, in a modern-day context, are described as handicapped. In the yesteryear, assorted labels have been used for such people. These include crippled, square, blind, dumb, deaf, mad, lame, idiot, imbecilic, and idiot. In the mobile and/or agricultural societies of pre-industrialization, when clip was cyclic, people perceived with restrictions frequently lived with their households. They were ascribed functions and undertakings in line with their capablenesss, and which fulfilled the co-operative demands for corporate endurance. Others, though, could non remain with their households. Some were ostracized, and their endurance threatened, because of a popular construct that such individuals were monsters, and hence unworthy of human position. Some became stateless and dislocated for other grounds such as poorness or shame. Religious communities, frequently within the local precincts or parishes, responded to these groups of people in assorted ways. These included the publicity and seeking of remedies by such actions as dispossessions, purging, rites and so on ; or supplying attention, cordial reception and service as Acts of the Apostless of clemency and Christian responsibility to destitute aliens . However, of import alterations were to happen with the evolvement of the modern epoch deeply influenced by the enlightenment and industrialisation. During this clip, spiritual values and manners were challenged by the rebellion of ground and reason. Definition 3 The Moral theoretical account is historically the oldest and is less prevailing today. However, there are many civilizations that associate disablement with wickedness and shame, and disablement is frequently associated with feelings of guilt, even if such feelings are non overtly based in spiritual philosophy. For the person with a disablement, this theoretical account is peculiarly onerous. This theoretical account has been associated with shame on the full household with a member with a disablement. Families have hidden away the handicapped household member, maintaining them out of school and excluded from any opportunity at holding a meaningful function in society. Even in less utmost fortunes, this theoretical account has resulted in general societal banishment and self-hatred. A A Economic Model of Disability Under this Model, disablement is defined by a individual s inability to take part in work. It besides assesses the grade to which damage affects an person s productiveness and the economic effects for the person, employer and the province. Such effects include loss of net incomes for and payment for aid by the person ; lower net income borders for the employer ; and province public assistance payments. The Economic Model is used chiefly by policy shapers to measure distribution of benefits to those who are unable to take part to the full in work. In recent old ages, nevertheless, the preoccupation with productiveness has conflicted with the application of the Medical Model to sort disablement to counter deceitful benefit claims, taking to confusion and a deficiency of co-ordination in disability policy. The challenge confronting the Economic Model is how to warrant and back up, in strictly economic footings, a socially desirable policy of increasing engagement in employment. Classical economic Torahs of supply and demand stipulate that an addition in the labour market consequences in reduced rewards. Arguably, widening entree to work through equal chances reduces an employer s labour costs, but other factors come into drama. The value of labour is based upon its part to fringy cost, i.e. the cost of bring forthing the last unit of production. This lone works when employees make an equal part to fringy cost. However, grounds suggests that handicapped employees make a lower part than their work co-workers do, ensuing in losingss in production and lower net incomes for the employer. Employers may acknowledge compensations for any loss in using less-productive handicapped employees through praise, promotion, client alliance and enlargement originating from their presentations as an organisation with community values. However, employers are non by and large selfless and keep the economic viability and operational effectivity of their organisation as higher precedences than showing societal consciousness. Their economic option is to pay handicapped employees less or have the losingss met through subsidy. The job for the users of Economic Model is one of pick. Which is better: to pay the handicapped employee for loss of net incomes, or the employer for loss of productiveness? The first carries stigma for the handicapped individual by underscoring their inability to fit the public presentation of work co-workers. With the latter, troubles arise in right measuring the right degree of subsidy. The productiveness of a handicapped employee may good alter, every bit good as the fringy costs of the entire work force. This leaves one outstanding trouble for the socially minded economic expert. How do we accomplish an just, effectual, value-for-money distribution of disablement related benefits? It is likely that there will be people with disablements that prevent them from making working. There will be others whose productiveness degrees are so low that the revenue enhancement benefits to the public bag are outweighed by the employment subsidy. In economic footings, these people are unemployable and should be removed from employment to auxiliary benefits, salvaging the outgo on the subsidy. But is this socially acceptable? This evident struggle has created ambiguity in holding societal security ends and has led to stigmatisation of handicapped people as a load on public financess instead than spouses in the creative activity of general societal prosperity. Social security benefits are non designed to take handicapped people from poorness. The policy shaper needs to equilibrate equity ( the right of the single to self-fulfilment and societal engagement through work ) and efficiency. The true value of the Economic Model is keeping this balance in the macroeconomic context of trade rhythms, rising prices, globalisation and extraordinary events such as wars. A Customer/Empowering Model of Disability This is the antonym of the Expert Model. Here, the professional is viewed as a service supplier to the handicapped client and his or her household. The client decides and selects what services they believe are appropriate whilst the service supplier acts as adviser, manager and resource supplier. Recent operations of this Model have placed fiscal resources into the control of the client, who may take to buy province or private attention or both. A A Rehabilitation Model of Disability Definition 1 This is an outgrowth of the medical theoretical account, which regards the disablement as a lack that must be fixed by a rehabilitation professional or other assisting professional. Definition 2 This theoretical account is similar to the medical theoretical account ; it regards the individual with a disablement as in demand of services from a rehabilitation professional who can supply preparation, therapy, guidance or other services to do up for the lack caused by the disablement. Historically, it gained acceptance after World War II when many disabled veterans needed to be re-introduced into society. The current Vocational Rehabilitation system is designed harmonizing to this theoretical account. Persons with disablements have been really critical of both the medical theoretical account and the rehabilitation theoretical account. While medical intercession can be required by the person at times, it is naif and simplistic to see the medical system as the appropriate venue for disablement related policy affairs. Many disablements and chronic medical conditions will neer be cured. Persons with disablements are rather capable of take parting in society, and the patterns of parturiency and institutionalization that accompany the ill function are merely non acceptable. A A

How to Lead a Cross-Functional Team Collaboration With CoSchedule

How to Lead a Cross-Functional Team Collaboration With Cross-functional teams are assembled to tackle complexity. A group of specialists is stronger than a handful of generalists. But individual specialists are too narrow to handle the sprawling landscape of modern marketing. Heres some perspective: Were competing in an age where brands have become media companies to entertain the masses Organizations build free software tools to attract new prospects Companies like Proctor Gamble spend $4.6 billion yearly on advertising alone Thats the world you compete in - and your cross-functional team is smack-dab in the middle of it. So the big question is: Can your team seamlessly work together to get the job done? You can hammer nails with a brick, but its going to take a heck of a long time. Instead, you need a hammer. Something made exactly for the job. Its the same for us marketers How To Lead A Cross-Functional Team Collaboration With @You Need The Tool Built Specifically For The Job We often get stuck with tools built for  every use case rather than  our use case. is the tool built for modern marketers to manage  everything in one place. In this post, youre going to learn how to lead your cross-functional team to success using a tool built just for you: . âš’ No more using a mishmash of single-function tools its time for a platform built to suit. 📉 Sayonara to spreadsheets to manage your spreadsheets its time to transition every last detail into . 👋  Wave goodbye to endless meetings to finally get on the same page. (Only to have people ask, Whats going on again? 10 minutes later)   its time to get a birds-eye view of everyones deadlines. Its time to get a birds-eye view of your marketing teams deadlines with @What Problems Do Cross-Functional Teams Face? To start, lets outline the big problems cross-functional teams are up against. In a 2015 study, researchers found out that 75% of cross-functional teams weren’t actually all that functional. #irony Lead researcher, Behnam Tabrizi discovered these kinds of  teams were failing on several fronts: Meeting a planned budget. Staying on schedule. Adhering to specifications. Meeting customer expectations. Maintaining alignment corporate goals. What are the most common failure points for cross-functional marketing teams (and how canThese failures surprised me. After all, how can seemingly advanced teams of specialists miss things like budget, schedule, or goal alignment? Theyre project management 101. Tabrizi explained: Cross-functional teams often fail because the organization lacks a systemic approach. So, whats a cross-functional team lead to do? How Can Help You Lead Them? Enter . With , you have a systematic approach at your fingertips. Its built for keeping all of these plates spinning (so your brain doesnt have to): 🔠¥ marketing campaigns, 🔠¥ project management, 🔠¥ email marketing, 🔠¥ team workflows, 🔠¥ threaded conversations, 🔠¥ content creation, 🔠¥ file sharing, 🔠¥ social media, 🔠¥ and everything else the best marketing programs need managed. Now, here are two big ways these features will help you lead your cross-functional team to sweet marketing victory. Here are two big ways @will help you lead your cross-functional team to sweet marketingManage Multi-Teaming With One Source Of Truth Imagine youre in charge of managing all of your companys content. And youre responsible for launching a new product. This means: Email campaigns, Fresh website copy, Product positioning content, Sales decks, Case studies, Social media promo, Company blog posts, Landing pages, Etc Fortunately, you have a super savvy team made up of writers, editors, designers, a social media manager, and even a couple developers. And that team is also collaborating with other teams like sales, operations, and finance. The problem is, as one study found, is that 81% of those working on teams work on more than one concurrently. If you have 10 people, 8 of them are also working on other projects. This reality is called multi-teaming. And it means that every other team leader is clamoring for the time, attention, and expertise on their own projects. Every multi-teamed individual then gets pulled in opposite directions weekly - even daily. This is a real hurdle to cross-functional team success. And it can put every projects deadlines and deliverables in jeopardy. For instance, if your developer is also working on three other projects, what happens when a major fire starts elsewhere? They need to jump out of your project and into another because of the prioritized urgency. Really, then, your teams attention on your project looks more like this This puts your project at risk. But there is also the additional cost to productivity because on onboarding  and re-onboarding. Obviously, just because someone steps away from your project doesnt mean it stops. But while it moves forward, theyre out of the loop. This means theyre playing catch up when they finally step back in. The great news is can help tremendously. Struggling with cross-functional team collaboration? Heres how @can help tremendouslyUse As Your One Source Of Truth can help your team seamlessly re-onboard into your project by acting as your one source of truth. Im on the Demand Generation team, here. But I still collaborate on projects with our Brand Buzz, Product Marketing, Sales, and Dev teams every week. Im in-and-out of projects constantly. So, whenever I hop into the tool I get an overview of which campaigns I have projects and tasks in. Each tile in the image below represents an entire  marketing campaign. From this view, I can see: campaign owner, campaign duration, campaign title, my other team members, and the % completion. Then, when I click into the campaign itself, I see each of the projects that are part of it. This tile now represents a project Im the owner of. In this case, its core content for our #MakeshiftMarketing campaign. Then, within this project, I see all: âÅ"…  tasks, 📅  deadlines, ðŸâ€"“ publish dates, 🙋†Ã¢â„¢â‚¬Ã¯ ¸ Ã‚  conversations, 📄 creative briefs, ðŸâ€"‚  relevant files, 📈 and even analytics. Best of all, even if Ive been out of a project for awhile, I can see all of this without ever having to drop by anyones desk or send an IM. In this case, I can see that if I dont get my stuff done, Ben will be waiting on me. And because I like Ben, thats no good. Even better, once Ive marked an assigned task complete, the relevant person can get an approval notification. This way, they know its ready for review, approval, and the next person to start working. This system is invaluable for my multi-teamed compatriots and me. But how does this work outside of our teams? How does @connect marketing departments to other cross-functional teams?How Does This Work In The Real World? An excellent example of how this works in the real world is the story of customer Vega. Vega is a premium brand of plant-based lifestyle and performance nutrition products. And with a marketing team of 32 employees, they have tons of cross-collaborative campaigns and projects happening all at once. Before , they were stuck with project requests flooding their email inbox managing the deluge of details by hand and managing deadlines between teams and departments. As a growing company, this simply didnt work. Their teams need a birds-eye view of everything that was happening for real-time visibility into their marketing. Said their content marketing specialists, Elizabeth Jarrard: has saved me a ton of time in streamlining that process. And I have the ability to have a much higher view of what’s going out on all of Vega’s distribution points at any given time. When everyone has an accurate line of sight into whats happening, less time is spent in re-onboarding And more time is spent working. This proves especially true for multi-teamed employees in every organization. Said their content marketing manager, Amber Kennedy: [] makes conversations about last minute changes or projects a five minute chat, instead of an hour long meeting spent scratching our heads wondering how we’re going to make it work. Vegas diverse functional teams now have an incredible Vegas marketing team is hard at work building their audience and keeping current fans engaged. In addition to content that supports brand awareness campaigns, Vega’s content distribution includes organic and paid social media posts, editorial and promotional emails, educational webinars, and more. Basically, its a lot of smart people doing a lot of cool things getting great eCommerce results. Amber also says: My favorite feature is that everything is in one place. We open , run a saved calendar view, and have a conversation. It’s easier to collaborate and be on the same page. Takeaway: Use to mitigate the impact of multi-teaming, while maximizing the precious time each team member spends on your projects. #2. Drive Goals And Deadlines With Task Templates Imagine if your paycheck was dependent on your team hitting every goal. Nowhere to hide At the end of two weeks, the KPIs told the story of getting paid (or not). Thatd be rough for some of us. But, what if theres a simple way to increase your odds of succeeding by 4.3X? Obviously youd do it, right? Well, there is. According to our research, marketers who set goals are 429% more likely to report success than those who dont. A Harvard study found that setting goals: Increases motivation in individuals and groups. And increases achievement in nearly any setting. Your cross-functional team is no different. While setting goals is amazing, its not the same as achieving them. So, how do you parlay goal setting into the promised land of success? How can marketers parley goal setting into the promised land of success with @?Reverse Engineer Your Goals Into Tasks Attached To Deadlines Its time to reverse engineer your goals into tasks attached to firm deadlines. Reverse engineering your goals is pretty standard fare. If your goal is to increase qualified leads by 40%, you define the steps to get there. But imagine your cross-functional team has six people: Team lead (you) Designer Copywriter Editor Sales PPC manager Developer Where do you start? Probably with your standard bevy of spreadsheets and tools. Only, you  manage one process in tool X, another in tool Y, another in tool Z When you work with sales on a new deck, you use Basecamp to manage the workflow. This is because both your team and sales have access to the app. When you create blog posts, however, you use Asana to manage the process among your team because thats what your design team uses. And when you create email campaigns, you use Google Sheets. Even when there are similarities in your process (e.g. plan/write/design/edit/schedule), you have to spend time learning how to execute the process in new tools- not to mention, trying to remember where all this stuff lives. Use The Task-Simplification Framework An excellent remedy is a framework called task simplification. Former CEO of Intel, Andrew S. Grove, described it in his landmark book,  High Output Management. And its perfect for planning goal-driven marketing workflows. For each piece you’ll create (think blog post, e-book, landing page, etc.), run through these steps (head’s up- I’ve built upon Andrew’s original advice): Write out every task that needs to be done. Identify and delete the tasks that are unnecessary. Combine tasks together that will be completed at the same time. Delegate only one person to complete one task (e.g. don’t expect two people to complete one task). Assign a due date for each task as â€Å"{#} of days before publish†. This framework will help you  reduce the amount of work you take on by 30-50%. In addition, by setting clear task due dates, you know when to begin each piece to know when to realistically set deadlines. For example, when you know that blog post will take 22 days to produce, the soonest you can publish it is 23 days from today (if you were to start it today). That’s powerful info that will help you plan realistic deadlines and hit them.

Five Year Career Development Plan Research Paper

Five Year Career Development Plan - Research Paper Example This is because of the training programs I will have to attend in order to achieve the desired educational level. I will have to complete my Masters level education before proceeding onto my Doctorate degree. There are several promotion opportunities that will come my way due to the advances I make in my education. After acquiring my Master’s and Doctoral degrees, I intend to get a permanent job in a company where the employers will consider my skills level in granting me a promotion. While working for the company, I will apply my creativity and other personal initiatives in assisting the company to augment its efficiency (Brown, 2002). This will enable the management to take notice of my good work and recommend me for the promotion. The growth of my business in the next five years will enable me to expand the business to other areas. This will increase my power in the company since I will be dealing with a greater variety of products, workers and customers (Patton & McMahon, 2001). This expansion will prompt the expansion of the business management team. I will be the acting chief executive for the business and charged with the responsibility of making all the major decisions. There are several methods that I intend to use for managing my career. These include the use of tools for assessment such issuing questionnaires for gauging my performance within the business (Bohlander & Snell, 2009). The development of processes allowing me to investigate my competence will be vital in developing my career. They will enable me to determine whether my skills conform to the company’s goals and objectives. I also intend to use appropriate methods in setting and planning the actions I will take. The above methods are achievable through the development of strategies applicable to my circumstances. I will assist in rolling out these strategies in the course my duties to ensure they conform to the set plans (Brown, 2002). Currently, I am a degree holder in the f ield business administration and very proficient in using computers. I am an internationally certified accountant having achieved the qualifications after completing the required courses in a college within my neighborhood over the last year. I happen to have very good inter personal and communication skills. I can work for long hours and under minimum supervision while taking care of the equipment I am using. The education I have achieved throughout my school work assists me in very many fields. This is because I was enrolled into a curriculum that equips students with skills in diverse fields. I have also been trained in computer maintenance processes. This skills equip me with the ability to work independently when dealing with various types of technology. The attributes that will indicate satisfaction at my work place will include pay increases, promotions and adequate allowances to cater for my requirements. Satisfaction at the job place will be indicated by the levels of effic iency with which the above three features will be implemented (Bohlander & Snell, 2009). It will involve working towards achieving my goals and objectives without distracting the routine operations in my duties. The achievement of my goals and objectives will largely depend on the action steps I take. In order to attain my objectives, I intend to use efficient time management strategies to avoid the wastage of time and

Environmental Impact Assessment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Environmental Impact Assessment - Coursework Example This shows the fast growing trend of establishing wind energy infrastructure and it is evident that we are going to see many similar projects been commissioned. On one hand it is a very healthy step to shift from non-renewable fuels to green technologies such as wind energy but these technologies also have some issues regarding their impacts on environment and need to be scoped and studied. Another reason for this selection is that this project is an extension, so its impact on the environment will not just be doubled but increased many folds. As you can see in the figure that the extension project is adjacent to high density wind farming area shown in RED. 1.2 Location and Description of the Project Whitelee Wind Farm, is the biggest onshore wind farm in Europe Union, which started in May 2009. ... The Whitelee project will use 69 Alstom ECO 100 wind turbines with a 3MW capacity and six ECO 74 turbines with 1.6MW capacity each. This expansion will confirm Whitelee’s status as the largest wind farm in Europe. â€Å"Simon Christian, UK director of ScottishPower Renewables, said â€Å"Whitelee windfarm is already the largest onshore windfarm in Europe and this extension pushing the overall capacity to 539MW will make it one of the largest in the world.† (Simon Christian) ? Site : Whitelee Wind Farm EXT ? Part : Eaglesham Moor ? Latitude : 55 ° 41' 13.1" ? Longitude : -4 ° 13' 44.4" ? Geodetic system : WGS84 In the above figure the green area mainly comprises of the wind farm and we can see that there are urban areas nearby which include Kilmamock and Hamilton. The next figure will give us the deeper picture of the extension and the turbine density in the gird. Where the blue circles show the planned extension turbine location and the grey show the existing turbi nes. As from the figure we can see that the extension will make create proximity of turbines to the urban areas(white parts of the figure) and therefore the turbines will have more adverse affects on the environment of the area and possibility of accidents will rise in these locations. At present this land is mainly used for grazing for livestock, agriculture activities and forestry. There has been an effective conservation of these activities before the extension but there is potential risk to them now as more turbines will occupy more spaces and construction of these facilities will require more restricted areas and spots. Same is the case with the visual amenity, where now the excessive number of wind turbines