Evolution and Education :: Science Teaching Argumentative Essays

Advancement and Education At whatever point different discussions have occurred in parts of the nation with respect to whether advancement ought to be instructed in schools, I have consistently watched the circumstance with a level of suspicion; neither the parochial training I got in basic and center school nor the government funded training I got for secondary school at any point endeavored to prevent us from finding out about development, and keeping in mind that none of my classes at any point showed development with as much profundity as Ernst Mayr endeavored to pass on in What Evolution Is, the two frameworks showed it as a reality †one that we underestimated. The discussion on the utilization of advancement in the Georgia educational system at first appeared to me to be a sign of progressively hostile to development propensities, despite the fact that Superintendent Kathy Cox has not remarked on the hypothesis of advancement itself; the grievous truth, expressed Cox as her method of reasoning, is that 'development' has become a questionable popular expression that could keep some from perusing th e proposed science educational program (Gross A10). Whatever her own convictions regarding the matter are, in any case, the end of the expression advancement may give cool solace to the hypothesis' spoilers, yet its general impact is simply to hamper the understudy's comprehension of what development involves. Instead of development, Georgia's proposed substitution is organic changes over time; it would like to pass on the significance behind the word without utilizing the word itself (Gross A10). Mayr's own definition is by all accounts rather comparable when he states, Advancement is change in the properties of populaces of life forms after some time, however a word communicates more than what a cut word reference definition can permit (Mayr 8). At the point when advancement is utilized in day by day speech in a non-organic setting, adaption is frequently an implicit yet significant part of it. In the event that one talks about advancing as an individual or developing in his job as group commander, there is a feeling that one is moving from a less-adjusted state to getting more qualified for whatever it is one does. It suggests that there is an improvement of specific characteristics to be more qualified for the condition an individual may discover oneself in, not just changes after some time for change; while there is surely a level of haphazardness in how an anima l categories may develop (or come to devastation, as the very much adjusted dinosaurs did when a meteor struck and permanently modified nature), generally the progressions are not so much because of possibility.

Suicide Essay -- essays research papers

Have you at any point known somebody who’s submitted or attempted to end it all and thought, â€Å"I wish I would’ve accomplished something, said something, to prevent it from happening?† I realize I would ask myself that inquiry regular in the event that I hadn’t. A couple of years prior, an old buddy of mine idea her life was so terrible she needed to end it. I did the main thing I could think, and told the closest instructor. It might sound so silly or moronic, yet it worked. Fortunately, she’s still fit as a fiddle. I’m here to ensure you can have the effect and help an individual who may be, or is self-destructive. Simply consider what might occur on the off chance that you didn’t attempt to help.      There are numerous reasons an individual may feel self-destructive. Confined pressure, awful mishaps/encounters are the primary driver. Individuals can as a rule manage the causes above genuinely well, however when these occasions aggregate after some time, our ordinary adapting techniques can be stretched as far as possible. The nearness of numerous hazard factors doesn't really infer that an individual will get self-destructive. The accompanying occasions could add to an individual inclination self-destructive: Death of a friend or family member; loss of an esteemed relationship; loss of work, physical, enthusiastic, sexual, social maltreatment. These are a couple of occasions that may make an individual fell like they need to take their life. Self destruction is typically a weep for help. The attemptor is searching for somebody to support them, since they fell there is nothing they can do to support themselves. An individual endeavoring self destruction is regularly s...

January Application Updates - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

January Application Updates - UGA Undergraduate Admissions January Application Updates From January 1 through January 22 we have received approximately 5,200 applications, 4,400 documents from Parchment/Docufide, 2,800 transcripts from GAcollege411 and 8,500 teacher recommendations and high school evaluations from our online forms. Thats almost 16,000 documents in 22 days! This does not include documents that were mailed in (I would guess about 50 bins of mail), emailed to admproc@uga.edu or to individual counselors. We are working vigorously to match documents with files and as you can imagine we are quite busy. Documents are being matched as quickly as possible, but this takes time given the large number we have received recently. Please be patient with us. Remember, it takes about 8 to 10 business days for us to match a document to your file once we have received it. If you still have not submitted material from the high school, you should do so as soon as possible! We will continue to accept material from the school at least through the end of January. Because we have received a large number of First Year transcripts given the application deadline, we will begin reviewing summer transfer applications sometime in early February. Once we have finished reviewing all summer transfer applicants, we will begin to do work on the new Transfer Articulation system, and then begin the review fall transfers. I expect that our Fall transfer process will begin a little later this year, and may take a little longer to complete due to getting our new system up and running.Applications are reviewed in the order in which they are completed, not the order received. For a transfer application to be complete we must receive your application, application fee, and a transcript from each college/university you have attended (including dual enrollment). We will continue to post additional updates as they become available. Go Dawgs!

Autobiography Of A Face Exploration Of Health...

Autobiography of a Face: Exploration of Health Communication Concepts Kara Martin University of South Dakota Over the years I have observed that it is not uncommon for people to judge others based upon standards in our society which are imposed upon us through the media via television, movies, celebrities, magazines, and music. Autobiography of a Face, is a memoir written and narrated by the late poet Lucy Grealy and was published in 1994. This book followed Lucy beginning at the age of nine when she was first diagnosed with a rare type of cancer located in her jaw called Ewing’s Sarcoma. Lucy’s story chronicled her struggle with her self-identity after surviving childhood cancer. A facial disfigurement that†¦show more content†¦Rather than simply compose a story that heroically depicted her battle with cancer, Lucy added authenticity and depth to her novel with themes that revealed her struggle to â€Å"fit in†, to cope with the pain of loneliness, of feeling lost within her own family, of enduring illness with stoicism, and to somehow find happiness in the af termath of illness. This book report will examine how Lucy’s story metamorphosed from an examination of her childhood experiences with cancer into a search for her own identity as an adult. The starting point where Lucy began telling her story in this novel was significant. Lucy delved in to describe a happy time in her life when she was working as a teenager with horses and children at the Diamond D Stables. By this time, she had already persevered through several surgeries. Lucy was aware that her facial disfigurement often attracted unwanted attention from smaller children, parents, and others in the community. In her mind, she felt that she got the job at the stables because she did not attend a face-to-face interview. Instead, she used the telephone to inquire about the job and did not mention her appearance. This may have been Lucy’s first â€Å"real† job, but she was already suspicious that her appearance could have an undesirable effect on her ability t o get a job. Beginning her story at

The Shrew By William Shakespeare - 2139 Words

This paper will explore the deception of two characters created by Shakespeare in his plays The taming of The Shrew and As You Like it. Changing outwardly from one gender to another is less difficult than changing from one class to another. Sly is the first character, a drunken tinker who suddenly wakes up as a lord, in the play The Taming Of The Shrew. The second character is Rosalind, who changed her name and appearance and became Ganymede in the play As You Like It. Shakespeare is using similar circumstances with both characters; Christopher Sly has a transformation brought upon him by others while Rosalind undergoes self-transformation.. Sly’s language and habits ultimately betray him and make his transformation less believable while†¦show more content†¦Then suddenly the lord who conceived this trick had Sly brought to his home. Upon waking up, Sly was treated with deference by the slaves. He was given high class reception, offered champagne and had several wor kers at his bay. He initially thought that he was dreaming, having woke up in unfamiliar environment. The servants were ready for Sly to give him whatever he desired. â€Å"Persuade him that he hath been lunatic. And when he says he is , say that dreams, For he is nothing that but a mightly lord† (1.1.357). He was convinced that he was insane for seven years. The lord hatched a plan in secret to make fun of the poor beggar by confusing him to believe that he was mentally unstable for seven years and that he was the right full owner of the throne. Sly doubted himself even after he was assured by the lord that the entire kingdom was his own. Rosalind’s character is at the center of almost everything that happens in As You Like It. Rosalind’s importance is emphasized by the fact that she has more lines that any other character of Shakespeare plays. Rosalind made the choice to dress as a man. She wanted to look like a man. ‘The complexity of her role is enhanced by the fact that for much of four acts she dresses like a man and successfully passes for one† (1617). She feels comfortable dressing like a man with the power that entails. Rosalind initially dresses like a man to protect herself in the forest, but as she continues in this guise she becomes more powerful

Truman Capote s A Cold Blood Makes A Great Case For Justice

Truman Capote’s In Cold Blood makes a great case for justice in relation to death. In the book, two criminals, Dick and Perry, worked together to murder the Clutters. They got caught and trial, however at the time Kansas maximum incarceration was life imprisonment with parole and most prisoners are paroled after twenty years. Twenty years of imprisonment for brutally killing four members of the most influential family in the area, causing mass hysteria for everyone in Holcomb and for others who are involved in the case is unquestionably too short. However, is the death penalty fair for both of them, considering Dick had a mental disorder and Perry had a terrible upbringing? This brings us to a bigger, broader question: to what extent does the law and judgement system achieve their main purpose: bringing justice to everyone? One of the two murderers in the book, Richard Hickock, says about capital punishment: â€Å"[†¦]. Revenge is all it is, but what’s wrong with revenge? It’s very important. [†¦]† (Capote 335). However, revenge is not the foundation on which the death penalty is based on. There’s a difference between revenge and lawful punishment: revenge is purely personal, usually performed by the victims or their relatives, while a lawful punishment is carried out by the law in order to deter perpetrators from further criminal acts, rehabilitate them, or in extreme cases, isolate them from society completely; capital punishment is the second case. However, now that deathShow MoreRelatedPerry Smiths Nature And Nurture1304 Words   |  6 Pageslife treats a person defines them. In the case of Perry Smith, nurture seems to be casting the deciding vote in his life. Nurture definitely trumps nature in deciding the way Perry Smith s inner thoughts, feelings, and acti ons take shape. Perry Smith s inner musings form as a result of the suffering he undergoes throughout his life. Perry contemplates many thoughts that the reader is able to see in In Cold Blood, and these thoughts seem to have a great deal to do with his turbulent past. He divulgesRead MoreEssay about Truman Capotes In Cold Blood: Comparison of Book and Movie668 Words   |  3 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Cold Blood is a tragic story of two men, Eugene Hickock and Perry Edward, who murder an entire family in search of money and then find themselves running from the law. While writing the book, Truman Capote used only facts to create a novel out of an actual event. He had thousands of notes on the subject, but his problem was making his book read like a novel. He accomplished this by adding dialogue and describing characters feelings. This technique is used in the film as well whenRead MoreMovie Analysis : The Movie Capote 1928 Words   |  8 PagesBehind every great movie, comes a storyline that is derived from a book however, most of the books to the movies have a great number of deviations. The screenwriters and other staff members to include the director come up with these deviations to enhance the plot in the attempt to make it a more interesting film to which in turn can make a better profit. The majority of differences that is found in films main objective is to enhance the mind. For example, when a scene has the ability to get a particularRead MoreAnalysis Of Truman Capote s Cold Blood1868 Words   |  8 Pages In 1966, Truman Capote published a book that created an entire genre. Literary Journalism is a type of writing that uses literary techniques to tell a true story. The journalists who write these books spend years researching their subjects and some even form personal bonds with people they meet through their material coll ecting. Authors collect all of the information they can find about something they are interested in, and then write a book that is factually accurate, yet is written like a fictitiousRead MoreAnalysis Of Truman Capote s I Am A Criminal1952 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"people who dislike baseball†. Like I said, you can say it in a thousand different ways. However, for one man, Truman Capote, the dividing line between two people was a rather complex one. In regard to a person’s ethos, if you will, an individual is not â€Å"born into† a certain role in society, rather society determines one’s role. That being said, the point I am trying to make is that, Capote firmly believes that Perry was not born a criminal, after all, how is it even possible to be born a criminalRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1910 Words   |  8 Pagesand characters are loosely based on the author s observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. The novel is renowned for its warmth and humor, despite dealing with the serious issues of rape and racial inequality. The narrator s father, Atticus Finch, has served as a moral hero for many readers and as a model of integrity for lawyers. One critic explains the novel s impact by writing, In the twentieth centuryRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature And Nurture1821 Words   |  8 Pagesher child. She was tried and convicted of murder, then sentenced to 58 years in prison. Dolores murdered George, her former spouse, with the claims that he had been abusing their child. Although Dolores killed George to protect her daughter, the justice system still saw this act as murder and sent her to prison. Prior to this incident, George had already abused Raquel, their daughter, several times. Whenever Dolores went to report it, the District Attorney’s Office did almost nothing to help. AsRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature And Nurture1821 Words   |  8 Pagesher child. She was tried a nd convicted of murder, then sentenced to 58 years in prison. Dolores murdered George, her former spouse, with the claims that he had been abusing their child. Although Dolores killed George to protect her daughter, the justice system still saw this act as murder and sent her to prison. Prior to this incident, George had already abused Raquel, their daughter, several times. Whenever Dolores went to report it, the District Attorney’s Office did almost nothing to help. AsRead MoreAssignment For Capote s Cold Blood Essay5418 Words   |  22 PagesAssignment for Capote, In Cold Blood English 10- Honors- Mr. Hodges/Mr. Morris As part of your summer assignment, you will read In Cold Blood by Truman Capote. You may purchase the book on your own or you may borrow a school copy of it. Read closely and annotate your text. Annotations will not be collected, but this is an educational and intellectual habit that you want to begin if you haven’t already. After reading, complete the questions listed below. QUESTIONS The author frequently uses

Optimism in the Enlightenment free essay sample

The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in 18th century Europe. The Enlightenment helped with both capitalism and the birth if socialism, as well as providing the framework for the French and American revolutions. Several brilliant thinkers contributed to the philosophical movement of this time. Voltaire, Diderot, and Rousseau were the most optimistic thinkers in the Enlightenment. Francois-Marie Arouet, commonly known as Voltaire, was the greatest figure of the Enlightenment. Voltaire wrote, †Philosophic Letters in the English† which displayed his admiration of England’s freedom and especially their religious tolerance. In his works he expressed an optimistic view of freedom. Although Voltaire was the most well known optimist of the Enlightenment, Diderot contributed a crucial factor to the era. Denis Diderot was the son of a craftsman from eastern France. Diderot was an atheist who developed the first encyclopedia. His idea for an all knowledge volume of books proved that he was an important optimist of his time. We will write a custom essay sample on Optimism in the Enlightenment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As soon as the encyclopedia’s price dropped, it was available to everyone, spreading the thoughts of optimism and the Enlightenment further. Diderot was important, but so was Rousseau. Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed in a government with little or no laws. He thought that when people had no laws that they knew right from wrong and were happier that way. Rousseau said this in his book, â€Å"Discourse on the origins of the Inequality of Mankind†. His want for everyone to be happy was a sign of his optimism. Voltaire, Diderot, and Rousseau brought a multitude of optimistic ideas to the Enlightenment. The ideas of these three intelligent men shared a common goal. Voltaire wanted freedom for everyone, Diderot wrote an encyclopedia for the good of people, and Rousseau strove for a new kind of government to make the people happy.

Canterbury Tales Essays (508 words) - The Canterbury Tales

Canterbury Tales Fred Baxter November 15, 1999 English 7S Canterbury Tales The Friar's Tale The tale begins with the noble Friar describing his district, which is ruled by an archdeacon. The archdeacon is ?one of high degree who boldly does the execution due on fornication, witchcraft, and many kinds of crime.? He is a merciless ruler who torments those who fail to pay their tithes or give offerings. He has ?powers to administer correction.? The archdeacon has a summoner to teach him where his profit might arise. The Friar expresses much dislike toward the Summoner in his tale. ?A summoner isn't much to be commended. A Summoner's one who runs about the nation dealing out summonses for fornication, is beaten up by every villager,? he says. The Summoner knows so much of bribery and blackmail. The Summoner meets a young yeoman who is also familiar with bribery and blackmail. The yeoman advises him to ?take whatever anyone will give. At any rate by tricks and violences from year to year all expenses will be covered.? The Summoner has no sorrow for his ways of making profit. The Friar explains the incident in which the Summoner demands ?twelve pence? from an old poor woman. He issues a summons-bill because of her lack of communication. The woman believes that ?the devil will carry him away.? The moral of the Friar's tale is that if one will commit ruthless acts to make a profit, then the devil will get him. The tale the Friar tells does not relate to Chaucer's description of him. Chaucer views the Friar as corrupt and immoral. In the Friar's prologue, he is viewed as noble. Chaucer says that the Friar is the ?finest beggar of his batch.? However, in the Friar's tale, the Friar talks about the bribery and blackmail committed by the Summoner. The Cook's Tale The Cook's tale concerns Revelling Peterkin, a jolly and gallant person. The tale takes place in a town called Cheapside. Peterkin is ?as full of love, as full of sin as hives are full of honey, and as sweet.? He dances so merrily and with such a will. At every wedding, he would sing or hop. Peterkin also has such a nice touch when it comes to casting dice. However, he is extravagant in spending which soon catches the attention of his master. Unfortunately, Peterkin's master thinks that Peterkin should not be associated with him. He scolds Peterkin all the time. ?Throw out a rotten apple from the hoard or it will rot the others,? he says. Shortly after he says this, he gives Peterkin the sack ?with curses, and forbids him to come back. Peterkin takes revenge and gives his position to a ?fellow who is of the self-same sort equally fond of revelling, dice and sport.? The tale the Cook tells does not relate to Chaucer's description of him. Chaucer describes the Cook as a knowledgeable man who can ?roast and seethe and broil and fry, make good thick soup and bake a tasty pie.? Canterbury Tales English Essays

Tips to Make Nail Polish Dry Faster

Tips to Make Nail Polish Dry Faster No one wants to wait around for nail polish to dry. There are lots of rumors of ways to get polish to dry more quickly, but which actually work? These are the best quick-drying nail polish tips submitted by readers. Feeling scientific? Take a look at the chemistry behind quick-dry methods and learn which really work. Tips From Readers Readers have tried everything to get nails to dry fast. Here are some of their top recommendations: Use cooking spray as one of the other ladies said. It will work and leave your hands not too dry. (_ ms. know it all)Get cold water and dip your fingers inside for about 5 minutes and let them dry (air dry) for 5 minutes. (Cas)While you have a pot of water on the simply just put your hands over it. Not only will they dry but they will become matte nails as well. So, its like two things in one. (Coco Puff)Step 1: Always apply thin coats. Step 2: Bow on nails and run nails through ice cold water. Step 3: Apply additional coats if needed and repeat steps. Step 4: Wait for 20 - 30 minutes before doing anything. Step 5: Cant be patient? Buy yourself fast drying nail polish and/or buy Seche Vite. (Nail Lady)All you have to do is turn the cold to the sink on and put your hands in it, they will be done in 30 seconds. (i help)Put your hands in ice water. It makes your nails dry faster. (Guest)Use ice and water. It works really well they will be dry before you know it. (Kiley)This is insane! O il sprays and quick drying treatments do not actually make your polish dry faster. They do, however, reduce the likelihood that youre going to ding-up/smudge your polish while its drying, by forming a slick surface on top. Quick-dry topcoats are similar. They dont dry the polish underneath, but they do harden on top of it. If youre not careful, you can end up scraping your polish right off if the under-layers are still tacky when you reach into your bag for your phone. It still makes sense to use the above methods when youre trying to preserve a brand-new manicure. Its also important to understand how they work so you can achieve the best results! (Kate) I was in a hurry and was about ready to just remove my polish. But to my surprise the cooking spray totally worked for me. My nails were dry almost immediately. Makes me wonder about the chemicals in the cooking spray though! (Pat)So, what I do all the time is I add a little bit of nail polish remover to the nail polish and mix it really good. You can add it to your colors and/or your top clear coat. The alcohol in the remover makes the polish dry much faster than ice water or a hair dryer. It also turned that old gloopy polish back to normal! (Anonymous)Dip your fingers inside a cup with cold water and ice and your nails dry up. (Tania)Try a hair dryer on medium setting. It heats it or try sticking your hand in a freezer. It may seem crazy but it works. (savvy monkey)Do not use heat. All it does is melt the polish! Definitely use ice cold water! Dries em in a heart beat! (jazmyne)Pam (you know, the cooking spray?) works wonders! All you do is spray your nails and leave it for about 45 seconds. Youll have to wash your hands good though, since it makes them kinda greasy. (Mandi) Thin coats dry fast. Try doing multiple thin coats instead of one or two thick gloppy coats. Trust me, it works wonders. (Ilty_909)Ice cold water or Pam spray works really well. Also using a fan works. (Blah)I always have a candle lit in my room so I just hold them over the candle for a bit. Dont burn yourself though. (Sienna)Apply a coat of peanut butter and it will work as long as you dont touch anything! Later on youll have a nice snack for later. (Angelica)Nail polishes are solutions of a polymer and need only to have the solvent removed. Blowing on them can cause blushing. Stand with you hands above a central heating convector, not electric and you should get nice glossy nails. (Norman Nicolson)I just use a quick drying top coat. That way I can get my favorite polish without having to wait forever to get on with my life. It takes about a minute to get really hard nails, but I guess it depends what you use and how many layers of polish you added. (Pretty in Pink)Air dust them or put your hand in ice cold water for 3 minutes to dry them.  Spray cooking spray on them just in case! (Hannah Mahone)

Assessment of the Overall Impact of Colonialism in the Philippines Research Proposal

Assessment of the Overall Impact of Colonialism in the Philippines - Research Proposal Example The strong resistance of the Filipinos to colonial rule paved the way to its national independence in 1946 from the American rule (Weightman 483). Today, the Philippines remarkably is trying to run its own government under a democratic procedure which gives more freedom for all Filipinos to exercise their right for citizenship. Today, 65 years passed after the Philippine independence from American rule, it is still important to look at the following aspects as a particular way to assess the overall impact of colonialism in the Philippines: leadership in governance, political, economic and culture. In 1972, Ferdinand Marcos proclaimed martial law which placed the entire nation under the military authority. Once again, Filipinos had proven that oppression is a significant triggering factor as far as their level of resistance is concerned. Based on these, it is clear that the Philippines together with its people have remarkable characteristics that are in line with its momentous history particularly its experience with colonialism. It is therefore important to asses at this point the level of impact colonialism brought to the Philippines particularly in the country’s leadership in governance, politics, economy, and culture. For instance, corruption in the Philippines is something Filipinos observed from Spaniards, which today became its major and significant problem. In fact, to alleviate if not eliminate it is the very goal of the recent administration.  

Overload protection systems and mechanics of machines Essay

Overload protection systems and mechanics of machines - Essay Example Overload protection systems play a great role in protecting people and equipment from harm that may result from such faults or overloads. Overload protection systems normally feature overload switches or relays that serve to cut off power supplies to certain elements of the system and, therefore, prevent the machine from working normally (Gurevich 2003, p. 57). There are different overload protection systems that exist, each with its specific function and application. In industries that involve the movement of heavy loads, overload protection systems are installed to ensure that the machine, equipment and people are protected against injustices or damages that may occur in case the machine is loaded beyond its capacity (Gurevich 2003, p. 183). Systems that protect against weight overload commonly exist on cranes and elevators. There are also machines that work in environments that feature a lot of heat. Some machines are installed with protection systems to prevent them from damage b y extreme heat or cold. These systems are fitted with sensors that prevent them from functioning normally under adverse thermal conditions. One example of an overload protection system used in cranes is the LKV Crane Overload Guard. Figures 1 and 2 show the LKV Crane Overload Guard. Fig. 1 & 2: LKV Crane Overload Guard Courtesy of www.unirope.com The guard is attached to a line part that is stationary. The guard is installed such that the wire is deflected slightly between the clamping jaw and the two wheels (Unirope 2013, par. 3). The rope tends to straighten when the system is subjected to a load. When this happens, a force is applied to the clamping jaw as well as to the pull rod. If the load exceeds a present switch value, the pull rod activates a microswitch which closes or opens a circuit (Unirope 2013, par. 3). The load cell contains a spring element that is preloaded to reduce the movement by the pull rod to about a quarter of the full load. Many machines that are used in in dustries rely on electrical energy for their control or functioning. Electricity supplies sometimes fluctuate to the extent of transmitting currents beyond the ratings of machines or their components. To prevent electrical and electronic systems from damages that result from too much, too low or fluctuating currents or voltages, some machines are fitted with overload switches (Gurevich 2003, p. 124). Scientific Principles of Mechanics of Machines A machine is basically a tool or equipment that makes work easier and faster. Machines commonly use electrical, chemical, thermal, or mechanical energy to meet the objectives for which they are intended. Many machines that are used today are complex in nature and often times comprise one or more simple machines and computer systems. Simple machines include levers, pulleys, wheels and axels, inclined planes, screws, and wedges. Mechanical Advantage Machines are specifically designed to make work easier and faster. The level to which a machin e makes work faster or easier is known as the mechanical advantage (MA). In Engineering and physics, mechanical advantage is defined as the number of times a machine multiplies the effort implied into it (ThinkQuest 2013, par. 1). In other words, it is the ratio of exerted working force produced by a machine to the effort applied, the units of force being measured in Newtons. In order to determine the mechanical advantage of a machine, one needs to divide the resistance force by the force of effort (ThinkQuest 2013, par. 1). In many cases, the resistance force is equal to the weight of the object. Mechanical Advantage of Pulley Systems A pulley is basically a machine that comprises a wheel that has a groove. A cable, belt or rope runs inside the groove to lift or lower loads and to

The Use Of Brainstorming In Stages Information Technology Essay

The Use Of Brainstorming In Stages Information Technology Essay Brainstorming is usually the first crucial creative stage of the project management and project planning process. See the brainstorming method in detail and explained separately, because it many other useful applications outside of project management. Fishbone diagrams are chiefly used in quality management fault-detection, and in business process improvement, especially in manufacturing and production, but the model is also very useful in project management planning and task management generally. Within project management fishbone diagrams are useful for early planning, notably when gathering and organising factors, for example during brainstorming. Fishbone diagrams are very good for identifying hidden factors which can be significant in enabling larger activities, resources areas, or parts of a process. Fishbone diagrams are not good for scheduling or showing interdependent time-critical factors. Fishbone diagrams are also called cause and effect diagrams and Ishikawa diagrams, after Kaoru Ishikawa (1915-89), a Japanese professor specialising in industrial quality management and engineering who devised the technique in the 1960s. Ishikawas diagram became known as a fishbone diagram, obviously, because it looks like a fishbone: A fishbone diagram has a central spine running left to right, around which is built a map of factors which contribute to the final result (or problem). For each project the main categories of factors are identified and shown as the main bones leading to the spine. Into each category can be drawn primary elements or factors (shown as P in the diagram), and into these can be drawn secondary elements or factors (shown as S). This is done for every category, and can be extended to third or fourth level factors if necessary. The diagram above is a very simple one. Typically fishbone diagrams have six or more main bones feeding into the spine. Other main category factors can include Environment, Management, Systems, Training, Legal, etc. The categories used in a fishbone diagram should be whatever makes sense for the project. Various standard category sets exist for different industrial applications, however it is important that your chosen structure is right for your own situation, rather than taking a standard set of category headings and hoping that it fits. At a simple level the fishbone diagram is a very effective planning model and tool especially for mapping an entire operation. Where a fishbone diagram is used for project planning of course the Effect is shown as an aim or outcome or result, not a problem. The Problem term is used in fault diagnosis and in quality management problem-solving. Some fishbone diagrams can become very complex indeed, which is common in specialised quality management areas, especially where systems are computerised. This model, and the critical path analysis diagram are similar to the even more complex diagrams used on business process modelling within areas of business planning and and business process improvement. project critical path analysis (flow diagram or chart) Critical Path Analysis sounds very complicated, but its a very logical and effective method for planning and managing complex projects. A critical path analysis is normally shown as a flow diagram, whose format is linear (organised in a line), and specifically a time-line. Critical Path Analysis is also called Critical Path Method its the same thing and the terms are commonly abbreviated, to CPA and CPM. A commonly used tool within Critical Path Analysis is PERT (Program/Programme/Project Evaluation and Review Technique) which is a specialised method for identifying related and interdependent activities and events, especially where a big project may contain hundreds or thousands of connected elements. PERT is not normally relevant in simple projects, but any project of considerable size and complexity, particularly when timings and interdependency issues are crucial, can benefit from the detailed analysis enabled by PERT methods. PERT analysis commonly feeds into Critical Path Analysis and to other broader project management systems, such as those mentioned here. Critical Path Analysis flow diagrams are very good for showing interdependent factors whose timings overlap or coincide. They also enable a plan to be scheduled according to a timescale. Critical Path Analysis flow diagrams also enable costings and budgeting, although not quite as easily as Gantt charts (below), and they also help planners to identify causal elements, although not quite so easily as fishbone diagrams (below). This is how to create a Critical Path Analysis. As an example, the project is a simple one making a fried breakfast. First note down all the issues (resources and activities in a rough order), again for example: Assemble crockery and utensils, assemble ingredients, prepare equipment, make toast, fry sausages and eggs, grill bacon and tomatoes, lay table, warm plates, serve. Note that some of these activities must happen in parallel and crucially they are interdependent. That is to say, if you tried to make a fried breakfast by doing one task at a time, and one after the other, things would go wrong. Certain tasks must be started before others, and certain tasks must be completed in order for others to begin. The plates need to be warming while other activities are going on. The toast needs to be toasting while the sausages are frying, and at the same time the bacon and sausages are under the grill. The eggs need to be fried last. A Critical Path Analysis is a diagrammatical representation of what needs done and when. Timescales and costs can be applied to each activity and resource. Heres the Critical Path Analysis for making a fried breakfast: This Critical Path Analysis example below shows just a few activities over a few minutes. Normal business projects would see the analysis extending several times wider than this example, and the time line would be based on weeks or months. It is possible to use MS Excel or a similar spreadsheet to create a Critical Path Analysis, which allows financial totals and time totals to be planned and tracked. Various specialised project management software enable the same thing. Beware however of spending weeks on the intricacies of computer modelling, when in the early stages especially, a carefully hand drawn diagram which requires no computer training at all can put 90% of the thinking and structure in place. (See the details about the most incredible planning and communications tool ever invented, and available for just a tiny fraction of the price of all the alternatives.) project critical path analysis flow diagram example gantt charts Gantt Charts (commonly wrongly called gant charts) are extremely useful project management tools. The Gantt Chart is named after US engineer and consultant Henry Gantt (1861-1919) who devised the technique in the 1910s. Gantt charts are excellent models for scheduling and for budgeting, and for reporting and presenting and communicating project plans and progress easily and quickly, but as a rule Gantt Charts are not as good as a Critical Path Analysis Flow Diagram for identifying and showing interdependent factors, or for mapping a plan from and/or into all of its detailed causal or contributing elements. You can construct a Gantt Chart using MSExcel or a similar spreadsheet. Every activity has a separate line. Create a time-line for the duration of the project (the breakfast example shows minutes, but normally you would use weeks, or for very big long-term projects, months). You can colour code the time blocks to denote type of activity (for example, intense, watching brief, directly managed, delegated and left-to-run, etc.) You can schedule review and insert break points. At the end of each line you can show as many cost columns for the activities as you need. The breakfast example shows just the capital cost of the consumable items and a revenue cost for labour and fuel. A Gantt chart like this can be used to keep track of progress for each activity and how the costs are running. You can move the time blocks around to report on actuals versus planned, and to re-schedule, and to create new plan updates. Costs columns can show plan and actuals and variances, and calculate whatever to tals, averages, ratios, etc., that you need. Gantt Charts are probably the most flexible and useful of all project management tools, but remember they do not very easily or obviously show the importance and inter-dependence of related parallel activities, and they wont obviously show the necessity to complete one task before another can begin, as a Critical Path Analysis will do, so you may need both tools, especially at the planning stage, and almost certainly for large complex projects. gantt chart example A wide range of computerised systems/software now exists for project management and planning, and new methods continue to be developed. It is an area of high innovation, with lots of scope for improvement and development. I welcome suggestions of particularly good systems, especially if inexpensive or free. Many organizations develop or specify particular computerised tools, so its a good idea to seek local relevant advice and examples of best practice before deciding the best computerised project management system(s) for your own situation. Project planning tools naturally become used also for subsequent project reporting, presentations, etc., and you will make life easier for everyone if you use formats that people recognize and find familiar.

Causes of Dictatorship in Russia :: Russian Russia History

Causes of Dictatorship in Russia Around the 20th century, the end of the First World War cleared the way for the formation of democratic regimes. Why they had not been successful, why the people didn't use the opportunity to establish a democratic political system and why did the dictatorships appear, is still unclear, but it is a very discussible subject. The decisive role in these processes was the human being. It was the object of the cause, but on the other hand he was also the subject - executor of all the problems as well. The First World War was expected to be short, with a quick triumph on either side. On the contrary, the war caused a giant massacre to all the countries involved, and lasted for four years. Also against the expectations of political leaders and military commanders new techniques of fighting were used, as well as new weapons (for example the chloric gas, tanks and aircrafts). Due to all this, 13 million people were killed, of which 2 million were Germans, 1.75 million Russians, 1.5 million Frenchmen, 1 million British and 0.5 million Italians. But death was just one of the worst consequences of the First World War. Just military failures on the fronts, along with other problems directly affected internal politics in a great way. This horrible catastrophe also left most of the countries in huge debts, especially Germany, Austria, Hungary, Russia, and many others. This led to poverty and chaos, and the people were suffering. That is why they started to revolt, but the political system w as so exhausted after the war that it didn't do anything to solve this. The effects of the war sped up the changes. It is an arguable fact, whether the war also had a liberating effect. If it did, it was greatly affected by the downfall of three empires, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Tsarist Russia and Keiser's Germany. In Russia the tsar abdicated and was replaced by the Provisional Government, but it only took 8 months and Russia moved from autocracy to communism. It is true that this downfall separated and freed different ethnic groups like Czechs and Slovaks, Serbs, etc. who had been a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, because these ethnic groups did get their independent states with democratic constitutions. Land was taken from the aristocrats and distributed to the peasants. The workmen got better conditions to work in, for example bigger salaries, less working time, social securities and so on.

IT and Organizational Structure Alignment

Information technology has become a vital aspect to any large corporation. Managing information to effectively balance control and coordination is a challenge to business leaders. Correctly aligning structure with information technology can save valuable time and resources. Understanding the relationships between the flow of information and how it relates the chain of command is important to utilize information. Businesses use a variety of structures to align information technology with the organizational structure. In order to effectively align information technology with an organization's structure, the goals of the company and the goals of the information system must be determined. The development of a new structure to accommodate technology is becoming commonplace in business. For example, USAA an insurance provider decided they needed to increase customer satisfaction by providing faster and more effective service. Prior to the change departments were independent from each other and control was highly centralized. The old organization was preventing quick responses in a company where response time is the single most important criteria for the customer. The company flattened its structure and coordinated departments with information systems. This gave employees decision-making power and allowed for quicker response times to the customer. (Garreth, 379) In a production-based company, the information requirements are different. Hewlett-Packard underwent serious change in organizational structure in 1989. The high-tech company was struggling to provide new products at the rate of its competitors. The CEO traced the problem to the product development process. The process was sequential and was wasting time in a highly competitive industry. He redesigned the hierarchical structure of the company and improved the process. He reduced the time-consuming committee based decision-making process and flattened the structure by eliminating two levels of management. The result was interdependent departments that communicated using information technology. This new structure has dramatically reduced the time it takes to introduce new products to the market (Garreth, 382). Business is constantly changing and an organization must be ready to adapt. In today's constantly changing business world, organizational structure and information systems must constantly be evaluated. An organization must be willing to redesign the structure and determine how IT can streamline the process. The coordination between IT and organizational structure can be directly traced to customer satisfaction and profit. Taking advantage of information technologies can greatly improve the performance of a business.

Essay on Utopia - Disneys Utopian Community - 1636 Words

Disneys Utopian Community The concept of utopian communities is a hot new commodity among major enterprises. The Walt Disney Corporation is currently marketing its own community called Celebration. Disney, known for creating worlds of fantasy through theme parks and movies tackles reality. According to architect Robert A.M. Stern, the idea behind Celebration is to recapture the idea of a traditional American town, traditional in spirit, but modern in terms of what we know about how people live(Oilande 1). Also, the town is structured around the five cornerstones of life in Celebration: community, education, health, technology, and place(Oilande 2). Celebration uses this concept to create a special utopian vision. Despite†¦show more content†¦The community is of a dreamlike place, embodying visions of the American flag, bake sales, and neighborhood gatherings. People will expect to experience a transition as if they were going to be leaving America and going into this fantasy kingdom, where there is n o crime, with only people like me. Celebrations premise is that residents will stroll treelined streets to afternoon matinees, waving to their neighbors on the front porches along the way(Wilson 2). Despite the beauty of Celebration, this artificial front gives people reservations about living in such a community. Another disturbing problem found in the construction of Disneys utopian community is that The Celebration Company will subject each home and lot to a Declaration of Perpetual Covenants, Conditions and Obligations which will reserve to The Celebration Company the right to approve the architectural designs and esthetics of all improvements in Celebration, as well as the uses that can be made of all property within Celebration(Cottrell 5). Such restrictions like house color and lawn appearance may initially sound like a positive enforcement; but, in reality, it could cause major problems. People will like the idea at first but if the restrictions get too specific, resentment between landowners and The Walt Disney Corporation are a possibility. On the other hand, Disney states that they have imposed reasonable restrictions to insure a high quality ofShow MoreRelatedGlee Essay9324 Words   |  38 Pages‘There is nothing ironic about show choir!’ - Rachel Cohen Is Rachel’s assessment of the musical performances on Glee correct? Discuss the interplay of melodrama, irony and intertextuality in Glee. Your essay should contain detailed analysis of at least two scenes from Glee’s 1st season. Your essay should also make reference to your core course readings on television and postmodernism. Due 14 September their true voice; and this one was, to me, ultimately about the series demonstrating its own

Music of the Civil War - 751 Words

The War Between the States was complex. If you wish to understand the events, you should refer to a textbook. Music of the time, however, helps us delve into peoples thoughts and opinions on the war, slavery, and many other important issues in our countrys history. Prior to the civil war, American music followed its European roots. During the civil war, American music began to develop in its own way, largely influenced by the music of the African-Americans. The war produced many well-known songs. These songs were important in their time and they are still known to many people today. Music was important to the Union and also to the Confederacy. The troops sang on battlefields, around campfires and while marching. They sang to†¦show more content†¦I chose John Browns Body because it expresses the abolitionist point of view. Dixies Land is an example of a song that, while written by a northerner, became extremely popular in the South. Music is an important aspect of life. It is used to express thoughts, opinions and feelings. During a time of war it can unite and incite. The music can commemorate important people and events. In times of sorrow it can comfort. Despite the differences between the North and the South, people shared a love of music, as well as a common musical culture. The music of the Civil War period illustrates the many uses of music during times ofShow MoreRelatedMusic in the Civil War600 Words   |  3 PagesMusic in the Civil War The North and the South both used music extensively during the Civil War. They used it to rally troops, to march by, as recreation, and many more reasons. When the soldiers would march off to war, they took a love of song that was divided among them. General Robert E. Lee once said, â€Å"Without music, there would have been no army, music is as indispensable to warfare as money.† Alot of the time the North and the South would borrow each others tunes and lyrics. 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DifferentRead MoreCivil War And The 1960s1631 Words   |  7 PagesA History of Protest Music – Revolutionary War to the 1960s Protest music in the United States dates back to the 19th century. This protest music focused around subjects that were topical for the time period. Among these topics were the Civil War. Another topic was slavery, and its abolition. A final topic was women’s suffrage. A famous group of protest singers was the Hutchinson Family Singers. Their notoriety, which spanned the mid-19th century, began in 1839. Their songs about abolition wereRead MoreThe ‘60s: Culture and Music Essay1478 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, music have defined or depicted the culture and social events in America. Music has constantly played an important role in constituting American culture, where people have expressed themselves through music during flourishing and turbulent times. In the 1930’s, Swing music created a platform for audiences to vent their emotions in the midst of Great Depression and political unrest. Such strong relationship between music and culture can be seen throughout history, especially inRead MoreIn the 1960s, People Turned to Music for Hope, Peace, and Happiness1215 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the 1960s and the early 1970s, music reflected the political and social changes that America was undergoing at the time. Some of these ma jor changes included the African-American civil rights movement and the conflict over America’s role in the Vietnam War. During these hard times, people turned to music for hope, peace, happiness and answers. The African-American civil rights movement was a cruel time for the African American race to endure due to the harsh discrimination and segregationRead MoreHistory of the Blues Essay1018 Words   |  5 Pages In one way shape or form Blues music has influenced almost every music artist and their work. Jazz and Blues gave way to such artists as Elvis Presley and Chuck Barry. The history and origins of Blues traces back many generations. Many articles have been written over the years helping readers better understand the history and importance of Blues music. All the articles have a similar attitude toward The Blues. Each article makes Blues Musics social and musical importance and impact blaringly

The Rights Of The Fifth And Fourteenth Amendments - 963 Words

Citizen s Rights In regards to human rights, the due process clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments are often thought as being violated when civil-asset forfeiture takes place (Worrall, n.p.). The fact that owners of seized property have few means to challenge said in cases in a court of law and are considered guilty until proven innocent only make retrieval of the property that much more difficult. Because asset forfeiture is part of the Civil Justice System, there are no provided attorneys for defendants as their are in most criminal trials. This forces victims who cannot afford an attorney to have slim chances of recovering their property or having their case thrown out altogether because of the absence of a lawyer. The Eighth Amendment is also put to the test in regard to civil-asset forfeiture. A portion of the amendment states that no excessive fines be imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. During a 1996 trial, Justice John Paul Stevens rules it just tha t a house, in which marijuana has been illegally processed, be seized in accordance with the drug crime. The defendant claimed that the Eighth Amendment was being violated, because of the excessive punishment implemented but the majority of the court did not rule in his favor (Greenhouse, n.p.). Although the defendant was found guilty in this instance, the trial displayed how civil-asset forfeiture can lead to the seemingly extensive confiscation of valuable personal possessions. CurrentShow MoreRelatedThe Amendment Of The Fourteenth Amendment1416 Words   |  6 Pagesand was one of the leaders of the effort to pass the Fourteenth Amendment. While aware of the need to prove the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act with the Fourteenth Amendment, Bingham did not actually believe that the Fourteenth Amendment created any new rights. Rather, he believed that it created a new understanding of rights already in the Constitution. Bingham maintained that, â€Å"The†¦equal protection of each [in] those sacred rights which are as universal and indestructible as the humanRead MoreThe United States Constitution And The Criminal Justice System1231 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States Constitution contains rights for offenders which allows their process through the criminal justice system to be smoother and make sure they are being treated fairly. I will cover the impact of the United States Constitution for the offender in the criminal justice system. This will include the fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth, and fourteenth amendments as well as due process for offenders. The fourth amendment is, â€Å"The portion of the Bill of Rights that generally requires warrants forRead MoreGovernment Enforcement, Crime And The American Population Essay1139 Words   |  5 Pages2016). 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Economics for Price Discrimination and Dumping - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEconomics for Price Discrimination and Dumping. Answer: Introduction In the domestic as well as in the international market the producers and the sellers often engage in several economic activities in order to maximize their revenues and sales. One such activity is the activity of price discrimination and the other one is that of dumping. Price Discrimination and Dumping Price Discrimination- The price discrimination is one of the pricing strategies of the sellers with the help of which the sellers charge different prices from different people for the same commodity or service. For a seller to discriminate prices for the same product the markets should be differentiated geographically, by distance or by time and there should be no overlapping of market. This is required to stop arbitrage, that is the phenomenon in which one can buy the commodity from a market with lower price and sell in another market at a higher price. Price discrimination is done mainly in order to charge the consumers according to their purchasing power and willingness to buy, thereby increasing the revenue of the seller (Cantono and Marchionatti 2012). Dumping-A type of predatory pricing strategy which the seller undertakes, specifically in the context of international trade, in which a seller sells a product at a lower price in the international market than the amount that the seller charges in the domestic economy. This is done by the seller in order to capture a greater share of the international market so as to increase his or her revenue and for the purpose of dumping, the sellers often keep the international prices lower than their cost of production (Black, Hashimzade and Myles 2012). Difference between price discrimination and dumping Though the two phenomena, price discrimination and dumping apparently looks like the same and dumping may look like a special case of price differentiation only, however, there are differences between the two. Price discrimination is mainly done in order to reap the highest possible profit the sales by selling at higher prices to those with lesser elasticity of demand and at lower prices to those with higher elasticity of demand. On the other hand, dumping is a pricing strategy which the sellers undertake in order to increase their international market share, which may increase their long term revenue and prospects (Kerr and Perdikis 2014). Similarity between price discrimination and dumping Price discrimination and dumping may appear to be the same when the seller sets the price lower in the foreign country than in the domestic currency and when it is not clear whether the seller is selling at a price below its cost of production in the international market. On the other hand, if the cost of production of the seller is known and the prices charged by the sellers, both in the domestic as well as in the international market are higher than the cost of production, then it may be asserted that the seller is resorting to price discrimination and not dumping. The two phenomena can also be differentiated when the price charged by the seller in the domestic market is lesser than what he or she charges in the international market (Cowan 2012). References Black, J., Hashimzade, N. and Myles, G. eds., 2012.A dictionary of economics. OUP Oxford. Cantono, S. and Marchionatti, R., 2012. Dumping as price discrimination: Jannaccones classic theory before Viner.Journal of the History of Economic Thought,34(2), pp.193-218. Cowan, S., 2012. Third?Degree Price Discrimination and Consumer Surplus.The Journal of Industrial Economics,60(2), pp.333-345. Kerr, W. and Perdikis, N., 2014.A Guide to the Global Business Environment: The Economics of International Commerce. Edward Elgar Publishing.

U.S. Government Essay Example For Students

U.S. Government Essay U.S. Government Research PaperOne of the first countries Manamary Inc. plans to export to is England. England is the largest of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain. This is often why England itself is shortened to Great Britain or the United Kingdom. England is located the southern and eastern part of the island of Great Britain in the British Isles. England is a large part of the United Kingdom, which is a constitutional monarchy. Queen Elizabeth II who is the head of the state actually does not rule the nation. Ministers who make up cabinet of government officials are the actual rulers. The main ruling office is held by the prime minister. Parliament is the chief lawmaking body. The Parliament includes the House of Commons and the House of Lords. By far the most powerful house is the House of Commons, whose members are elected from the four countries that make the United Kingdom, of which England elects 523 of the 650 members. In the House of Lords, which has very limited power, most of the members inherit their seats. For local government purposes, the country of England is divided into various administrative units, 39 nonmetropolitan counties and 7 metropolitan areas. These units are further divided into districts, with the exception of the metropolitan area of Greater London which is divided into boroughs. We will write a custom essay on U.S. Government specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Government

Testing Your Perl Installation

Testing Your Perl Installation In order to test our fresh installation of Perl, well need a simple Perl program. The first thing most new programmers learn is how to make the script say Hello World. Lets look at a simple Perl script that does just that. #!/usr/bin/perl print Hello World.\n; The first line is there to tell the computer where the Perl interpreter is located. Perl is an interpreted language, which means that rather than compiling our programs, we use the Perl interpreter to run them. This first line is usually #!/usr/bin/perl or #!/usr/local/bin/perl, but depends on how Perl was installed on your system. The second line tells the Perl interpreter to print the words Hello World. followed by a newline (a carriage return). If our Perl installation is working correctly, then when we run the program, we should see the following output: Hello World. Testing your Perl installation is different depending on the type of system you are using, but well take a look at the two most common situations: Testing Perl on Windows  (ActivePerl)Testing Perl on *nix Systems The first thing youll want to do is make sure youve followed the  ActivePerl Installation tutorial  and installed ActivePerl and the Perl Package Manager on your machine. Next, create a folder on your C: drive to store your scripts in for the sake of the tutorial, well call this folder  perlscripts. Copy the Hello World program into C:\perlscripts\ and make sure the filename is  hello.pl. Getting a Windows Command Prompt Now we need to get to a Windows command prompt. Do this by clicking on the  Start  menu and selecting the item  Run.... This will pop up the run screen that contains the  Open:  line. From here, just type  cmd  into the  Open:  field and press the  Enter  key. This will open (yet another) window which is our Windows command prompt. You should see something like this: Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600] (C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp. C:\Documents and Settings\perlguide\Desktop We need to change to the directory (cd) that contains our Perl scripts by typing in the following command: cd c:\perlscripts That should make our prompt reflect the change in the path like so: C:\perlscripts Now that were in the same directory as the script, we can run it simply by typing its name at the command prompt: hello.pl If Perl is installed and running correctly, it should output the phrase Hello World., and then return you to the Windows command prompt. An alternate method of testing your Perl installation is by running the interpreter itself with the  -v  flag: perl -v If the Perl interpreter is working correctly, this should output quite a bit of information, including the current version of Perl you are running. Testing Your Installation If you are using a school or work Unix / Linux server, chances are Perl is already installed and running when in doubt, just ask your system administrator or technical staff. There are a few ways we can test our installation, but first, you will need to complete two preliminary steps.​ First, you must copy your Hello World program to your home directory. This is usually accomplished via FTP.   Once your script has been copied to your server, you will need to get to a  shell prompt  on the machine, usually via SSH. When you have reached the command prompt, you can change into your  home  directory by typing the following command: cd ~ Once there, testing your Perl installation is very similar to testing on a windows system with one extra step. In order to  execute  the program, you must first tell the operating system that the file is OK to execute. This is done by setting the permissions on the script so that anyone can execute it. You can do this by using the  chmod  command: chmod 755 hello.pl Once youve set the permissions, you can then execute the script by simply typing its name. hello.pl If that doesnt work, you might not have your home directory in your current path. As long as you are in the same directory as the script, you can tell the operating system to run the program (in the current directory) like so: ./hello.pl If Perl is installed and running correctly, it should output the phrase Hello World., and then return you to the Windows command prompt. An alternate method of testing your Perl installation is by running the interpreter itself with the  -v  flag: perl -v If the Perl interpreter is working correctly, this should output quite a bit of information, including the current version of Perl you are running.